Compact isolation driver design based on PCB coreless transformer
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摘要: 针对全固态 Marx 脉冲发生器电路中隔离驱动部分体积较大、成本高及集成性差等问题，提出了一种基于PCB无磁芯变压器的同步隔离驱动方案，并研制样机验证了驱动可行性。首先对无磁芯变压器进行建模，并借助Q3D电磁仿真软件提取关键电磁参数，结合实测数据进行对比，验证了模型准确性。通过对电路运行过程的理论分析与 LTspice 仿真，阐明了该方案在驱动时序和工作机理方面与传统磁芯变压器驱动存在的显著差异。最后搭建实验平台对所提出的驱动系统进行测试，结果表明该方案具备宽动态范围驱动能力、优异的电气隔离性能和良好的 PCB 工艺兼容性，验证了其可行性与工程应用潜力。Abstract:
Background In all-solid-state Marx pulse generators, the isolated gate driver plays a critical role in ensuring reliable high-voltage and high-speed switching. Conventional isolation driving schemes based on magnetic-core transformers often suffer from large volume, high cost, and poor integration, which limit further miniaturization and system-level integration.Purpose To address these issues, this study proposes a synchronous isolated gate driving scheme based on a PCB-embedded coreless transformer, aiming to reduce driver size and cost while improving integration and manufacturability for all-solid-state Marx pulse generator applications.Methods The proposed coreless transformer was first modeled, and its key electromagnetic parameters were extracted using Q3D electromagnetic simulation and validated through experimental measurements. Based on theoretical analysis and LTspice simulations of the driving circuit, the operating principles and driving sequence characteristics were investigated and compared with those of conventional magnetic-core transformer-based drivers. Finally, a prototype driving system was developed and experimentally evaluated.Results Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed PCB coreless transformer-based driving scheme exhibits a wide dynamic driving range, excellent electrical isolation performance, and good compatibility with standard PCB manufacturing processes. The experimental waveforms are consistent with theoretical analysis and simulation results, confirming the correctness of the proposed design and modeling approach.Conclusions The proposed synchronous isolated driving scheme based on a PCB coreless transformer provides an effective solution to the challenges of volume, cost, and integration in conventional isolation drivers for all-solid-state Marx pulse generators. The results demonstrate its feasibility and strong potential for practical engineering applications in compact and highly integrated pulsed power systems.-
Key words:
- Coreless transformer /
- PCB transformer /
- isolated gate driver /
- wide dynamic range driver
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图 1 无磁芯变压器的结构示意图与等效电路图
Figure 1. Structural and equivalent circuit diagrams of the coreless transformer
图 2 传统磁芯变压器驱动结构及其驱动时序图
Figure 2. Structure and driving timing of the traditional magnetic-core transformer driver
图 3 三层驱动模块结构及其堆叠侧视图
Figure 3. Structure and side view of the three-layer driver module
图 7 传统驱动与提出驱动方式的触发与驱动时序对比
Figure 7. Timing comparison of trigger and drive signals between traditional and proposed driving schemes
图 8 无磁芯变压器驱动器的驱动时序图
Figure 8. Driving timing diagram of the coreless transformer-based gate driver
图 10 驱动器输出波形的幅值与脉宽可调特性
Figure 10. Output drive waveforms of the proposed driver with adjustable amplitude and pulse width
表 1 仿真与实测结果对比
Table 1. Comparison of simulation and measurement results
d/mm L1/μH L2/μH LM/μH k Q3D 0.6 2.02 2.02 1.65 0.82 0.8 2.00 2.00 1.53 0.77 1.0 2.02 1.99 1.43 0.71 1.2 2.00 2.00 1.33 0.67 1.6 2.00 2.04 1.18 0.58 BODE 100 0.6 1.99 2.02 1.65 0.82 0.8 1.97 2.02 1.58 0.79 1.0 2.02 2.05 1.43 0.70 1.2 1.99 2.01 1.34 0.67 1.6 2.02 2.04 1.17 0.58 
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表 2 理论计算结果
Table 2. Results of theoretical calculations
d/mm LM/μH k 0.6 1.617678 0.8007 0.8 1.507428 0.7461 1.0 1.406459 0.6961 1.2 1.313719 0.6502 1.6 1.149608 0.5690
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