Experimental investigation on multi-channel discharge formation in self-breakdown switch for 10 MA pulsed power device
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摘要: 针对10 MA脉冲功率装置中采用的水介质三电极板-球结构自击穿开关，研究了开关击穿时电极电压变化情况和放电多通道形成的判据。根据开关的具体结构，理论分析了特征时间常数和电极多通道间的距离等因素对开关多通道形成的影响，计算得出多通道形成判据左侧项为8.6 ns，大于两倍开关抖动时间6 ns，满足判据要求。实验验证了开关在3 MV击穿电压下，3对电极的放电电弧在约30 ns时间内同时从球电极产生并发展到板电极。Abstract:
Background Water-dielectric self-breakdown switches are critical components in pulsed power devices such as the 10 MA facility. The plate-sphere electrode structure is specifically designed to achieve simultaneous multi-channel discharge, which is essential for minimizing switch inductance and reducing timing jitter.Purpose This study investigates the factors affecting multi-channel formation in a water-dielectric, three-electrode plate-sphere self-breakdown switch operating at 3 MV, with the aim of validating the theoretical formation criterion.Methods Theoretical analysis was conducted based on the specific parameters of the switch structure, focusing on key temporal characteristics influencing discharge behavior. Experimental validation was performed at the nominal breakdown voltage of 3 MV, utilizing diagnostic techniques to observe the development of discharge arcs across all electrode pairs.Results The calculated characteristic value for multi-channel formation was determined to be 8.6 ns, exceeding twice the measured switch jitter time of 3 ns, thereby satisfying the theoretical criterion. Observations confirmed that discharge arcs initiated nearly synchronously at the three sphere electrodes and propagated toward the plate electrodes, with complete multi-channel formation achieved within approximately 30 ns.Conclusions The study validates the criterion for multi-channel discharge in the plate-sphere switch structure. The design effectively enables simultaneous formation of multiple discharge channels within tens of nanoseconds, meeting essential requirements for high-performance pulsed power devices and contributing to improved operational stability. -
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