Design and experimental progress of a 105/140 GHz dual-frequency MW-level gyrotron
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摘要: 介绍了105/140 GHz双频兆瓦级回旋管的设计和最新实验进展。该回旋管的谐振腔、准光模式变换器、BN输出窗采用了双频共用的设计，电子枪采用了双频复用的双阳极磁控注入枪，收集极采用单级降压。在现有实验室电网功率容量有限的情况下，进行脉冲调试，得到的实验结果为：在重频1 Hz、ms连续短脉冲条件下，在105 GHz点和140 GHz点脉冲功率分别达到710 kW和1.057 MW，脉宽0.7 ms，对应总效率分别为34%和49%。在105 GHz点通过脉宽延展和老炼，进一步得到300 kW/2 s和400 kW/1 s的秒级脉宽实验结果，BN窗片的温度在两种状态下温度分别达到606 ℃和503 ℃，波束频率单一，没有杂模。实验基本上验证了该器件的物理设计。Abstract: The design and latest experimental progress of a 105/140 GHz dual-frequency megawatt-level gyrotron for fusion applications are presented. The resonant cavity, quasi-optical mode converter and BN output window of the gyrotron adopt the design of dual-frequency sharing, the electron gun adopts the triode magnetron injection gun with dual-frequency multiplexing, and the collecting pole adopts the single-stage depressed collector. The experimental results are as follows: under the ms short-pulse condition with repetitive rate of 1 Hz, pulse powers of 710 kW at 105 GHz and 1.057 MW at 140 GHz have been achieved. The pulse width is 0.7 ms, and the total efficiency is 34% at 105 GHz and 49% at 140 GHz, respectively. Through pulse width extension and aging, the experimental results of 105 GHz/300 kW/2 s, 105 GHz/400 kW/1 s and 140 GHz/400 kW/1 s are obtained. The temperature of BN window reaches 606 ℃, 503 ℃ and 633 ℃, respectively, in the three states. The frequencies during long-pulse operations are stable, indicating that there are no parasitic modes. The experiment basically verifies the physical design of the device.
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图 1 105/140 GHz设计模型及组成图
Figure 1. Design model and components of the 105/140 GHz MW gyrotron
图 2 105/140 GHz MW回旋管照片和实验装置
Figure 2. Photographs of the 105/140 GHz MW gyrotron and experimental setup
图 3 5 ms单次短脉冲作用下在窗表面热敏纸上形成的束斑图
Figure 3. Thermal paper’s burned patterns of RF beams at the window aperture at 105 GHz and at 140 GHz obtained by a 5 ms short pulse
图 4 140 GHz/1 MW连续脉冲测试时的波形
Figure 4. Pulse test waveforms of output with the 140 GHz/1 MW continuous short-pulse operation
图 5 105 GHz点脉宽扩展测试波形(105 GHz /400 kW/1 s)
Figure 5. Results of pulse extension test of output with 105 GHz /400 kW/1 s
图 6 105 GHz 点脉宽扩展测试波形(105 GHz /300 kW/2 s)
Figure 6. Results of pulse extension test of output with 105 GHz /300 kW/2 s
图 7 脉宽扩展测试时得到的窗片最高温度时的红外成像图
Figure 7. Infrared images at the highest temperature of windows during pulse extension tests
图 8 105 GHz/300 kW/2 s长脉冲运行时波束混频信号频谱截图
Figure 8. Spectrum of mixing signal of RF beam during a 105 GHz/300 kW/2 s long-pulse operation
表 1 105/140 GHz MW回旋管设计参数
Table 1. Design parameters of the 105/140 GHz MW gyrotron
No. parameter value 1
2
3output power
pulse width
total beam voltage1.0 MW
continuous wave
−81 kV4 beam current 40 A 5 MIG triode type 6 cavity mode TE18,7@105 GHz; TE24,9@139.3 GHz 7 working magnetic field 4.1 T@105 GHz; 5.5 T@140 GHz 8 output mode quasi-Gaussian beam 9 window BN disk for short-pulse operation; CVD diamond for MW-level CW operation 10 collector single-stage depressed collector (SDC) 11 efficiency ＞30% (45% with SDC) 
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