Time-domain measurement of the transient electric field caused by pantograph-catenary off-line discharge based on D-dot Sensor
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摘要: 弓网离线放电电磁辐射具有瞬态、宽频带的特性，可使用D-dot传感器对其进行时域瞬态电场测量，但在对传感器所测微分信号积分还原时，存在信号恢复失真问题严重。搭建了包含脉冲电场发生装置和测量装置的瞬态电场时域波形还原系统，开展了基于D-dot传感器的去直流、数值积分、消除趋势项以及系统辨识低频补偿在内的瞬态电场时域波形测试方法的研究，利用该方法测试了不同电压下弓网离线放电电磁辐射的电场时域波形。理论与实验结果表明：本文所提出的方法能准确、稳定地还原弓网离线放电所辐射瞬态电场的原始时域波形，还原信号与实测微分信号的主要频率分量均在7.5 MHz，二者的相关系数达到93%以上。Abstract: The electromagnetic radiation of pantograph-catenary offline discharge has the characteristics of transient and broadband. We can use the D-dot sensor to measure its transient electric field in time domain. However, the direct integral operation of the differential signal seriously distorts the original signal. To solve this problem, a transient electric field time-domain waveform restoration system including a pulse electric field generating device and a measuring device is built in the laboratory firstly. Then, we propose a time-domain waveform restoration method for transient electric field including DC removal, numerical integration, elimination of trend items and low frequency compensation. Finally, the method is used to test the electric field time domain waveform of electromagnetic radiation of pantograph- catenary offline discharge under different voltages. Theoretical and experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately and stably restore the original time-domain waveform of the transient electric field radiated by off-line discharge of the pantograph. The main frequency components of the reduced signal and the measured differential signal are both at 7.5MHz, and the correlation coefficient between them is more than 93%.
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图 1 瞬态电场波形还原系统结构示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the structure of the transient electric field waveform restoration system
图 4 方波源电场信号及D-dot输出微分信号
Figure 4. Square wave source electric field signal and D-dot output differential signal
图 5 去直流后的电磁脉冲微分测量信号直接积分结果
Figure 5. Direct integration result of the electromagnetic pulse differential measurement signal after de-averaging
图 7 低频补偿辨识系统的输入信号与输出信号
Figure 7. Input signal and output signal of low frequency compensation identification system
图 8 直接积分信号与低频补偿后积分信号对比
Figure 8. Comparison of direct integration and compensation after integration
图 9 修正系数标定前后的瞬态电场波形还原信号
Figure 9. Transient electric field waveform restoration signal before and after correction factor calibration
图 10 方波信号还原前后的上升沿部分
Figure 10. Rising edge of square wave signal before and after reduction
图 11 两种瞬态电场波形还原方法的结果对比
Figure 11. Results comparison of two transient electric field waveform restoration methods
图 13 D-dot传感器输出微分信号及信号频谱图
Figure 13. D-dot sensor output differential signal and its amplitude spectrum
图 14 瞬态电场波形还原系统还原电场信号及信号频谱图
Figure 14. Transient electric field waveform restoration system restored electric field signal and its amplitude spectrum
图 15 不同激励电压下的瞬态电场还原信号
Figure 15. Transient electric field restoration signals under different excitation voltages
表 1 三种方法消除趋势项结果的均方根误差及相关系数
Table 1. Three methods to eliminate root mean square error and correlation coefficient of trend term results
method RMSE correlation coefficient/% least squares 0.420 63.71 wavelet 0.193 84.14 EMD 0.370 72.33 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 低频补偿前后信号的均方根误差及相关系数
Table 2. Root mean square error and correlation coefficient of the signal before and after low frequency compensation
state RMSE correlation coefficient/% before compensation 0.041 82.39 after compensation 0.083 94.77
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 不同激励电压下瞬态电场还原信号的相关系数
Table 3. Correlation coefficients of transient electric field restoration signals under different excitation voltages
applied voltage/kV correlation coefficient/% 15 93.19 20 94.96 25 93.11
下载: 导出CSV
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