用于高功率微波器件的传导冷高温磁体研制

徐策; 刘辉; 刘建华; 戴银明; 陈顺中; 程军胜; 王秋良; 霍少飞; 史彦超; 黄慧杰

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202436.230334

用于高功率微波器件的传导冷高温磁体研制

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202436.230334

1.
中国科学院电工研究所应用超导重点实验室，北京 100190
2.
西北核技术研究所先进高功率微波技术重点实验室，西安 710024

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3804000)

详细信息

作者简介:
徐　策，xc@mail.iee.ac.cn

中图分类号: TN128
计量
- 文章访问数: 444
- HTML全文浏览量: 260
- PDF下载量: 148
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-15
- 修回日期: 2023-12-18
- 录用日期: 2023-12-24
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-15
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-15

Development of conduction-cold high temperature superconductingmagnet for high power microwave devices

1.
Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Advanced High Power Microwave Technology, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China

摘要

摘要: 为了利于高功率微波系统的紧凑化和小型化，降低系统能耗，对产生引导磁场的超导磁体系统进行了研究设计。超导磁体使用稀土钡铜氧化物线饼组成。低温系统采用4台小型风冷式斯特林制冷机对超导磁体冷却。为了适用于车载环境并降低漏热，采用了一种非金属材料的新型锥体结构作为磁体的承载结构，并通过仿真分析了一般的车载环境下的磁体结构承载情况。整个高温超导磁体工作温区为40～50 K，达到目标场时的通电电流为77.49 A，均匀区场强达到4 T。整个系统能耗较传统技术降低80%。通过实验测试出高温超导磁体的温度运行上限为48.9 K。
- 高功率微波 /
- 稀土钡铜氧材料高温超导磁体 /
- 传导冷却 /
- 车载
Abstract: To compact and miniaturize the high-power microwave system and reduce the energy consumption of the magnet system, the superconducting magnet which generates the guiding magnetic field is studied and designed. The magnet is composed of rare earth barium copper oxide coil pancakes. In the cryogenic system, four air-cooled Stirling cryocoolers are used to cool down the superconducting magnet. To be suitable for vehicle environments and reduce the heat leakage, a new cone bearing structure of non-metallic material is adopted as the load-bearing structure of the magnet. And the load-bearing situation of the magnet structure under the general vehicle environment is analyzed by the simulation. The superconducting magnetic field in the uniform region reaches 4 T when the current is 77.49 A in the range of 40-50 K. The energy consumption of the whole system is 80% lower than the traditional technology. The experimental results show that the upper temperature limit of the high temperature superconducting magnet (HTS) is 48.9 K.
- high power microwave /
- rare earth barium copper oxide high-temperature superconducting magnet /
- conduction-cooled /
- vehicle environments

HTML全文

图 1 内外层磁体的组成与位置关系

Figure 1. Composition and position of the HTS magnet modules

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 4 T超导磁体磁场分布

Figure 2. Magnetic field distribution of the 4 T superconducting magnet

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 外层骨架与工装骨架

Figure 3. Outer skeleton and tooling skeleton

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 4 T超导磁体系统结构示意图

Figure 4. Configuration of the 4 T superconducting magnet system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 双锥结构示意图

Figure 5. Configuration of tapered structure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 超导磁体应力云图

Figure 6. Stress cloud of superconducting magnet

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 磁体各组件的冷却曲线

Figure 7. Cooling curves of the various parts of the magnet structure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 励磁过程中线圈电压变化

Figure 8. Voltage of the coil pancakes during the excitation process

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 在运行温度48.9 K下励磁稳定过程中线圈电压

Figure 9. Voltage of the coil pancakes during the excitation stabilized process at operating temperature 48.9 K

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 励磁和退磁过程中磁场强度和电流变化

Figure 10. Field strength and current changes during excitation and demagnetization

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 REBCO带材在40 K和50 K垂直场下对应的I_c值

Table 1. The I_c-B-θ-T characteristics curve of REBCO strip at 40 K and 50 K in vertical fields

temperature/K	I_c/A
temperature/K	0	0.5 T	1.0 T	1.5 T	2.0 T	2.5 T	3.0 T	3.5 T	4.0 T	4.5 T	5.0 T	5.5 T	6.0 T	6.5 T	7.0 T
40	399.0	241.8	190.2	170.1	153.6	140.4	129.3	122.1	112.5	105.9	99.0	93.0	87.6	83.4	78.6
50	296.7	168.6	135.9	120.0	106.2	96.0	88.8	81.9	75.6	69.6	64.5	60.0	56.1	51.6	48.6

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 低温系统热负荷

Table 2. Thermal load of the cryostat

temperature/K	heat leakage of supports/W	heat leakage of current leads/W	radiation/W	radial resistance/W	joint resistance/W	sum/W
40	2.0	0.3	0.1	0.0251	0.0348	2.46
77	5.2	8.0	15.0	\	\	28.00

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 磁体各零组件属性

Table 3. Material property of each component of magnet

No.	material	temperature/K	density/(g/cm³)	Young’s modulus@300 K/GPa	Poisson’s ratio	coefficient of linear expansion/(10⁻⁵ K⁻¹)
1	PAI	40～300	1.6	6.4	0.43	1.0
2	AISI 304	40/300	7.9	200.0	0.30	1.3
3	1100 AL	80	2.7	70.0	0.30	1.5
4	T2 Cu	40	8.9	70.0	0.30	1.0

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 三个方向的高速路谱随机振动对磁体两端轴线影响

Table 4. Influence of random vibration of highway spectrum in three directions on the axis of magnet

	axiality	U_x/mm	U_y/mm	U_z/mm	U_sum/mm
y random vibration	p-axis deviation	4.64E-04	2.09E-02	2.08E-04	2.08E-02
y random vibration	s-axis deviation	1.29E-03	2.02E-02	2.02E-04	2.03E-02
z random vibration	p-axis deviation	4.80E-05	−1.52E-04	2.53E-02	2.53E-02
z random vibration	s-axis deviation	3.44E-04	1.80E-03	2.51E-02	2.52E-02
x random vibration	p-axis deviation	6.32E-03	2.34E-04	1.03E-05	6.32E-03
x random vibration	s-axis deviation	6.39E-03	2.73E-04	9.90E-06	6.40E-03

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(19)

[1]	Benford J N, Cooksey N J, Levine J S, et al. Techniques for high power microwave sources at high average power[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 1993, 21(4): 388-392. doi: 10.1109/27.234566
[2]	Benford J, Swegle J A, Schamiloglu E. High power microwaves[M]. 2nd ed. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2007.
[3]	周传明, 刘国治, 刘永贵, 等. 高功率微波源[M]. 北京: 原子能出版社, 2007 Zhou Chuanming, Liu Guozhi, Liu Yonggui, et al. High-power microwave sources[M]. Beijing: Atomic Energy Press, 2007
[4]	王荟达. C波段低磁场高效率相对论返波管研究[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2021: 1-10 Wang Huidao. Research on a C-band high-efficiency relativistic backward-wave oscillator with low-magnetic-field operation[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2021: 1-10
[5]	胡祥刚, 宋玮, 李兰凯, 等. 用于高功率微波器件的永磁体的设计和测试[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2016, 28:033017 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201628.033017 Hu Xianggang, Song Wei, Li Lankai, et al. Design and test of permanent magnet used in high power microwave devices[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2016, 28: 033017 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201628.033017
[6]	陈昌华, 刘国治. 相对论返波管导论[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2021 Chen Changhua, Liu Gouzhi. Introduction to relativistic backward wave oscillator[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2021) ) .
[7]	Lemke R W, Clark M C, Marder B M. Theoretical and experimental investigation of a method for increasing the output power of a microwave tube based on the split-cavity oscillator[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1994, 75(10): 5423-5432. doi: 10.1063/1.355698
[8]	Chen Shunzhong, Dai Yinming, Zhao Baozhi, et al. Development of an 8-T conduction-cooled superconducting magnet with 300-mm warm bore for material processing application[J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2014, 24: 4701605.
[9]	Xiao R Z, Zhang X W, Zhang L J, et al. Efficient generation of multi-gigawatt power by a klystron-like relativistic backward wave oscillator[J]. Laser and Particle Beams, 2010, 28(3): 505-511. doi: 10.1017/S0263034610000509
[10]	陈昌华, 刘国治, 宋志敏, 等. 引导磁场对相对论返波管微波功率的影响[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2000, 12(6):745-748 Chen Changhua, Liu Gouzhi, Song Zhimin, et al. Effects of axial guiding magnetic field on microwave power of relativistic backward oscillators[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2000, 12(6): 745-748
[11]	严余军. 永磁包装高效率相对论返波管设计与研究[D]. 绵阳: 西南科技大学, 2021: 1-10 Yan Yujun. Design and research of high-efficiency relativistic backward wave oscillator for permanent magnet packaging[D]. Mianyang: Southwest University of Science and Technology, 2021: 1-10
[12]	Andreev D, Kuskov A, Schamiloglu E. Review of the relativistic magnetron[J]. Matter and Radiation at Extremes, 2019, 4: 067201. doi: 10.1063/1.5100028
[13]	陈顺中, 王秋良, 孙万硕, 等. 3T动物磁共振成像传导冷却超导磁体研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(4):879-888 Chen Shunzhong, Wang Qiuliang, Sun Wanshuo, et al. The study of a 3T conduction-cooled superconducting magnet for animal magnetic resonance imaging[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(4): 879-888)
[14]	Ma Qiaosheng, Li Zhenghong, Lu Chaozheng, et al. Efficient operation of an oversized backward-wave oscillator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2011, 39(5): 1201-1203. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2011.2123116
[15]	Song W, Chen C H, Sun J, et al. Investigation of an improved relativistic backward wave oscillator in efficiency and power capacity[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2012, 19: 103111. doi: 10.1063/1.4759164
[16]	Wang Qiuliang, Wang Chunzhong, Wang Hui, et al. Development of conduction-cooled superconducting magnet for baby imaging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2010, 20(3): 726-731. doi: 10.1109/TASC.2010.2040154
[17]	倪志鹏, 王秋良, 严陆光. 短腔、自屏蔽磁共振成像超导磁体系统的混合优化设计方法[J]. 物理学报, 2013, 62:020701 doi: 10.7498/aps.62.020701 Ni Zhipeng, Wang Qiuliang, Yan Luguang. A hybrid optimization approach to design of compact self-shielded super conducting magnetic resonance imaging magnet system[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62: 020701 doi: 10.7498/aps.62.020701
[18]	Zhang Zili, Zhou Benzhe, Liu Jianhua, et al. Engineering-based design and fabrication procedure for mid-temperature REBCO magnets accommodating the strong Ic anisotropy[J]. Superconductivity, 2022, 1: 100005. doi: 10.1016/j.supcon.2022.100005
[19]	Stavrev S, Grilli F, Dutoit B, et al. Comparison of numerical methods for modeling of superconductors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2002, 38(2): 849-852. doi: 10.1109/20.996219