Optimization design of EMP radiation antenna based on TEM horn
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摘要: 针对TEM喇叭天线终端反射大、低频辐射效率低的问题，对其进行了仿真优化设计。采用时域分析方法，分析了端部加载电阻与背部加载电阻的低频补偿方法，对TEM喇叭天线的尺寸、极板顶角等结构参数进行了优化，采用末端卷边结构，提升了辐射场的峰值场强与脉宽。根据仿真优化结果，研制了长度2.5 m、天线极板间张角45°、天线极板顶角45°的TEM喇叭天线，通过实测验证了仿真结果。结果表明，加载电阻可以有效降低反射，背部加载电阻方式的峰值场强和脉宽比端部加载电阻高，且采用4个电阻并联加载的效果较好；适当增加天线长度、极板顶角以及极板间夹角可以提高天线辐射性能。该研究结果为TEM喇叭天线在辐射式核电磁脉冲试验系统的应用提供了参考。Abstract: Aiming at the problem of high reflection and poor low-frequency radiation performance of TEM horn antenna, the simulation optimization design is carried out. The low frequency compensation methods of end loading resistance and back loading resistance are analyzed by using time domain analysis method, and the structural parameters such as the size of the TEM horn antenna and the apex angle of the plate are optimized. The peak field strength and pulse width of the radiation field are improved by using the end crimping structure. According to the simulation results, TEM horn antenna with length of 2.5 m, the included angle of the plates of 45° and antenna plate apex angle of 45° is developed. The simulation results are verified by the measurement of the new antenna. The results show that the loading resistance can effectively reduce the reflection, and the peak field strength and pulse width of the back loading resistance are higher than that of the end loading resistance, and the effect of 4 resistors in parallel loading is better. The radiation performance of the antenna can be improved by appropriately increasing the antenna length, the apex angle of the plate and the included angle between two plates. The research results provide a reference for the application of TEM horn antenna in the radiation nuclear electromagnetic pulse test system.
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图 11 端部加载和背部加载电阻辐射场频谱
Figure 11. Frequency spectrum of radiation field waveform with end loading resistors and back loading resistors
图 12 天线极板间张角对辐射场波形的影响
Figure 12. Influence of included angle between antenna plates on radiation field waveform
图 13 天线极板顶角对辐射场的影响
Figure 13. Influence of antenna plate apex angle on radiation field
图 15 卷边型与基本形式的TEM喇叭天线辐射场波形对比
Figure 15. Comparison of radiation waveform between crimped and basic TEM horn antennas
表 1 天线长度对辐射场的影响
Table 1. Influence of antenna length on radiation field
l/m Ep/(kV·m−1) tpw/ns tr/ns 1 57.33 15.37 0.89 2 61.05 17.64 1.85 2.5 55.30 20.68 2.04 3 51.01 21.27 2.26 4 42.26 22.35 2.49 5 34.61 27.34 2.79 
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表 2 天线极板顶角对辐射场波形的影响
Table 2. Influence of antenna plate apex angle on radiation field
φ/(°) Ep/
(kV·m−1)tpw/ns tr/ns 15 37.67 20.28 2.28 30 47.00 21.88 2.35 45 53.76 20.85 2.50 60 54.51 20.86 2.52 75 54.81 22.04 2.59
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