Design and implementation of Qt-based neutral beam injection control and monitoring system for negative ion sources
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摘要: 为满足负离子源中性束注入系统对控制与监测功能的需求，设计了基于Qt的负离子源中性束注入控制与监测系统。针对传统基于NI-PXIe硬件与LabVIEW-FPGA架构系统存在的开发周期长、硬件成本高、扩展性不足等方面的问题，提出基于国产PXIe平台、Linux实时系统与Qt5.9框架的模块化控制方案。通过国产化硬件替代与Linux实时内核优化控制，结合C++面向对象编程开发多线程控制程序，攻克了高成本、低扩展性瓶颈。实验表明，该系统实现了微秒级同步精度，在提供更高的可扩展性和控制精度的情况下，控制与监测系统可以满足实验有关定时控制方面的需求。Abstract:
Background Neutral beam injection (NBI) systems are critical to fusion research and require precise control and monitoring of negative ion sources. Existing solutions often have limitations in terms of development efficiency and adaptability.Purpose This study aims to design and implement a cost-effective, highly scalable NBI control and monitoring system for negative ion sources. The system is specifically designed to address the inherent issues of traditional NI-PXIe hardware and LabVIEW-FPGA architectures, such as lengthy development cycles, high hardware costs, and limited scalability.Methods A modular control solution is proposed, utilizing a domestically produced PXIe platform, a Linux real-time system, and the Qt5.9 framework. By replacing imported components with locally sourced hardware and leveraging optimizations in the Linux real-time kernel, precise control is achieved. A multi-threaded control program is developed using C++ object-oriented programming to enhance system flexibility and overcome scalability limitations.Results Experimental verification confirmed that the system achieved microsecond-level synchronisation accuracy. Compared with traditional methods, this solution has significant advantages in scalability and control accuracy, meeting all experimental requirements for time-sensitive operations in negative ion source NBI.Conclusions The Qt-based system successfully addresses the limitations of traditional NBI control architectures in terms of cost and scalability. By adopting localized hardware, Linux real-time system, and modular C++ design, the system provides reliable performance for complex ion source experiments. This approach establishes a flexible framework that can adapt to further enhancements in future NBI systems. -
图 1 NNBI系统总体组成示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the overall composition of the NNBI system for negative ion beam sources
图 3 控制与监测系统硬件架构图
Figure 3. Control and monitoring system hardware architecture diagram
int first_positive_time = -1; if (start1 > 0) { first_positive_time = start1; } else if (peak1 > 0) { first_positive_time = start1; } else if (hold1 > 0) { first_positive_time = hold1; } else if (rise2 > 0) { first_positive_time = hold1; } else if (hold2 > 0) { first_positive_time = hold2; } else if (fall > 0) { first_positive_time = hold2; } if (i >= fall) { dovalue[channel]=false; aovalue[channel]=0; } else if (first_positive_time != -1 && i >= first_positive_time) { dovalue[channel]=true; aovalue[channel]=value; } else { dovalue[channel]=false; aovalue[channel]=0; } } if(ui->cbChannel_0->isChecked()){ QAOController::hAOTask->WriteSinglePoint(aovalue[0], 0); ConnectDO(dovalue[0],0); } if(ui->cbChannel_1->isChecked()){ QAOController::hAOTask->WriteSinglePoint(aovalue[1], 1); ConnectDO(dovalue[1],1); } 
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for (int i = 0; i < sampletoup && !stopFlag; ++i) { QMutexLocker locker(&mutex); if (stopFlag) break; for (int chIndex = 0; chIndex < pChannels.size(); ++chIndex) { int ch = pChannels[chIndex];; double start1 = samplingRate * timePoints[ch][0]; double peak1 = samplingRate * timePoints[ch][1]; double hold1 = samplingRate * timePoints[ch][2]; double rise2 = samplingRate * timePoints[ch][3]; double hold2 = samplingRate * timePoints[ch][4]; double fall = samplingRate * timePoints[ch][5]; if (fall > sampletoup) fall = sampletoup; double value = 0.0; if (i < start1) { value = 0.0; } else if (i < peak1) { value = amplitudes[ch][0] * (i - start1) / (peak1 - start1); } else if (i < hold1) { value = amplitudes[ch][0]; } else if (i < rise2) { value = amplitudes[ch][0] + (amplitudes[channel][1] - amplitudes[channel][0]) * (i - hold1) / (rise2 - hold1); } else if (i < hold2) { value = amplitudes[ch][1]; } else if (i < fall) { double delta = (fall - hold2) > 0 ? (1.0 - (i - hold2) / (fall - hold2)) : 0; value = amplitudes[ch][1] * delta; } else { value = 0.0; }
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