Design and numerical simulation of high-matching, high-power, low-sidelobe slotted waveguide array antenna

Hou Wanshan; Yin Yong; Qin Yu; Liu Haixia; Li Wenlong; Bi Liangjie; Li Hailong; Wang Bin; Meng Lin

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202537.240274

Volume 37 Issue 4

Mar. 2025

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > High Power Laser and Particle Beams > 2025 > 37(4): 043001

Hou Wanshan, Yin Yong, Qin Yu, et al. Design and numerical simulation of high-matching, high-power, low-sidelobe slotted waveguide array antenna[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2025, 37: 043001. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.240274

Citation:

Hou Wanshan, Yin Yong, Qin Yu, et al. Design and numerical simulation of high-matching, high-power, low-sidelobe slotted waveguide array antenna[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2025, 37: 043001. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.240274

Citation:

PDF( 7246 KB)

Design and numerical simulation of high-matching, high-power, low-sidelobe slotted waveguide array antenna

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.240274

School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China

Received Date: 2024-07-20
Accepted Date: 2024-10-13
Rev Recd Date: 2024-10-12

Available Online: 2024-12-14

Publish Date: 2025-04-15

Abstract

Abstract

This paper investigates the application of waveguide slot array antennas in high-power microwave technology and proposes a novel design method, with particular emphasis on the slot coupling, sidelobe levels, and matching between the antenna and the feed. The new method leverages modern computing technology to rapidly compute the slot conductance function considering slot coupling effects, thereby enabling efficient design of waveguide slot array antennas. This method avoids complex calculations or external structures, ensuring system compactness and demonstrating high effectiveness in designing waveguide slot planar arrays. Simulation results indicate that antennas designed using the new method exhibit excellent matching performance. At the center frequency f = 2.458 GHz, the reflection coefficient for each port of antenna designed using the new method ranges from −37.2 dB to −27.7 dB. Compared with the range from −11 dB to −8.7 dB of antennas designed using the Stevenson formula for the same target parameters, the reflection coefficient of antennas designed with the new method is reduced by at least 19 dB. Moreover, the antennas designed with this new method achieve a low sidelobe level of −30.2 dB and a high power capacity of 332.6 MW.
- mutual coupling,
- matching,
- sidelobe level,
- power capacity,
- high-power microwave

FullText(HTML)

References(39)

References

[1]	Song Minsheng, Bi Liangjie, Meng Lin, et al. High-efficiency phase-locking of millimeter-wave magnetron for high-power array applications[J]. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 2021, 42(11): 1658-1661. doi: 10.1109/LED.2021.3112563
[2]	Qin Yu, Yin Yong, Song Minsheng, et al. Particle-in-cell simulations of relativistic magnetron with axial symmetrical split output[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2023, 51(7): 1880-1884. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2023.3276922
[3]	郑琼, 毕亮杰, 沈大贵, 等. S波段MW级高效互耦磁控管模式分布调控[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2024, 36:083007 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202436.240109 Zheng Qiong, Bi Liangjie, Shen Dagui, et al. Mode distribution control of S-band MW-level high-efficiency mutual coupling magnetron[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2024, 36: 083007 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202436.240109
[4]	Bi Liangjie, Yin Yong, Wang Bin, et al. Tractable resonant circuit with two nonuniform beams for a high-power 0.22-THz extended interaction oscillator[J]. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 2021, 42(6): 931-934. doi: 10.1109/LED.2021.3072848
[5]	毕亮杰, 蒋欣宇, 李海龙, 等. 一种具有双输出端口的200-kW Ka波段速调管的集成互作用电路设计[J]. 红外与毫米波学报, 2023, 42(6):771-778 doi: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2023.06.010 Bi Liangjie, Jiang Xinyu, Li Hailong, et al. Design of the integrated interaction circuits for a 200-kW Ka-band klystron with two output ports[J]. Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 2023, 42(6): 771-778 doi: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2023.06.010
[6]	Vlasov S N, Orlova I M. Quasioptical transformer which transforms the waves in a waveguide having a circular cross section into a highly directional wave beam[J]. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics, 1974, 17(1): 115-119. doi: 10.1007/BF01037072
[7]	Courtney C C, Baum C E. The coaxial beam-rotating antenna (COBRA): theory of operation and measured performance[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2000, 48(2): 299-309. doi: 10.1109/8.833080
[8]	Li Guolin, Liu Qiang, Qiu Yongfeng, et al. A low standing-wave-ratio wideband mode-transducing antenna for high-power microwaves[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68(7): 5182-5188. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2020.2981731
[9]	Yuan Chengwei, Fan Yuwei, Zhong Huihuang, et al. A novel mode-transducing antenna for high-power microwave application[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2006, 54(10): 3022-3025. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2006.882199
[10]	Peng Shengren, Yuan Chengwei, Shu Ting, et al. Design of a concentric array radial line slot antenna for high-power microwave application[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2015, 43(10): 3527-3529. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2015.2392097
[11]	Yuan Chengwei, Peng Shengren, Shu Ting, et al. Designs and experiments of a novel radial line slot antenna for high-power microwave application[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 61(10): 4940-4946. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2013.2273214
[12]	Li Xiangqiang, Liu Qingxiang, Zhang Jianqiong, et al. 16-element single-layer rectangular radial line helical array antenna for high-power applications[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2010, 9: 708-711. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2010.2059371
[13]	Guo Letian, Huang Wenhua, Chang Chao, et al. Studies of a leaky-wave phased array antenna for high-power microwave applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2016, 44(10): 2366-2375. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2016.2601105
[14]	Meng Ru, Xia Yulong, Guo Yuanyue, et al. An X-band 48-way leaky waveguide antenna with high aperture efficiency and high power capacity[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2018, 66(12): 6799-6809. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2018.2870432
[15]	Bi Shaofeng, Yuan Chengwei, Zhang Qiang, et al. An L-band leaky-wave array antenna for high-power microwave applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2023, 71(8): 6918-6923. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2023.3241435
[16]	Yu Longzhou, Yuan Chengwei, He Juntao, et al. Beam steerable array antenna based on rectangular waveguide for high-power microwave applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2019, 47(1): 535-541. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2018.2884290
[17]	Yue Jiaxuan, Zhou Chengmian, Xiao Ke, et al. W-band low-sidelobe series-fed slot array antenna based on groove gap waveguide[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2023, 22(4): 908-912. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2022.3228115
[18]	Devarapalli N R, Baum C E, Christodoulou C G, et al. A fan-beam radiator using waveguide's narrow wall for horizontal polarization and high power[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2011, 53(2): 380-389. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2010.2099123
[19]	Stevenson A F. Theory of slots in rectangular wave-guides[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1984, 19(1): 24-38.
[20]	Elliott R S, Kurtz L A. The design of small slot arrays[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1978, 26(2): 214-219. doi: 10.1109/TAP.1978.1141814
[21]	Elliott R S. An improved design procedure for small arrays of shunt slots[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1983, 31(1): 48-53. doi: 10.1109/TAP.1983.1143002
[22]	Elliott R S, O'Loughlin W R. The design of slot arrays including internal mutual coupling[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1986, 34(9): 1149-1154. doi: 10.1109/TAP.1986.1143947
[23]	Brown K W. Design of waveguide slotted arrays using commercially available finite element analysis software[C]//Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 1996: 100-1003.
[24]	Wang Wei, Zhong Shunshi, Zhang Yumei, et al. A broadband slotted ridge waveguide antenna array[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2006, 54(8): 2416-2420. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2006.879216
[25]	Ebadi S, Semnani A. Mutual coupling reduction in waveguide-slot-array antennas using electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures[J]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 2014, 56(3): 68-79. doi: 10.1109/MAP.2014.6867683
[26]	Liao Yong. Analysis of wide-angle scanning of high-power microwave waveguide slot array antenna[J]. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2024, 19(2): 164-169. doi: 10.1002/tee.23946
[27]	Khan A M, Ahmed M M, Rafique U, et al. Design, analysis and fabrication of an inside-grooved slotted waveguide array antenna for HPM applications[J]. IEEE Access, 2023, 11: 50116-50129. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3277390
[28]	Huang Cheng, Zhao Zeyu, Feng Qin, et al. Grooves-assisted surface wave modulation in two-slot array for mutual coupling reduction and gain enhancement[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2009, 8: 912-915. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2009.2028587
[29]	Vilas Boas E C, Mittra R, Cerqueira Sodre A. A low-profile high-gain slotted waveguide antenna array with grooved structures[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2020, 19(12): 2107-2111. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2020.3023698
[30]	钟顺时. 天线理论与技术[M]. 2版. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2015 Zhong Shunshi. Antenna theory and techniques[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2015
[31]	徐锐敏, 唐璞, 薛正辉, 等. 微波技术基础[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2009 Xu Ruimin, Tang Pu, Xue Zhenghui, et al. Basic of microwave technology[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2009
[32]	王文祥. 微波工程技术[M]. 2版. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2014 Wang Wenxiang. Microwave engineering technology[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2014
[33]	El Misilmani H M, Al-Husseini M, Kabalan K Y, et al. A design procedure for slotted waveguide antennas with specified sidelobe levels[C]//2014 International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS). 2014: 828-832.
[34]	王建, 郑一农, 何子远, 等. 阵列天线理论与工程应用[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2015 Wang Jian, Zheng Yinong, He Ziyuan, et al. Antenna array theory and engineering applications[M]. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2015
[35]	Jameson R A. High-brightness RF linear accelerators[M]//Hyder A K, Franklin Rose M, Guenther A H. NATO Advanced Science Institute on High-Brightness Accelerators. Pitlochry, Scotland: Springer, 1986: 169-199.
[36]	Yang Bo, Chen Xiaojie, Chu Jie, et al. A 5.8-GHz phased array system using power-variable phase-controlled magnetrons for wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2020, 68(11): 4951-4959. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2020.3007187
[37]	Pan Xuyuan, Christodoulou C G, Lawrance J, et al. Cold & hot tests of an S-band antenna for high power microwave systems[C]//2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. 2017: 627-628.
[38]	El Misilmani H M, Al-Husseini M, Kabalan K Y. Design procedure for planar slotted waveguide antenna arrays with controllable sidelobe level ratio for high power microwave applications[J]. Engineering Reports, 2020, 2: e12255. doi: 10.1002/eng2.12255
[39]	El Misilmani H M, Al-Husseini M, Kabalan K Y. Design of slotted waveguide antennas with low sidelobes for high power microwave applications[J]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, 2015, 56: 15-28. doi: 10.2528/PIERC14121903