Numerical simulation study on electromagnetic coupling characteristics of apertures based on FDTD method

NI Qin¹; LU Tongtong; FANG Meihua; WEI Zhiyong

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202537.250075

Article Contents

Article Navigation > High Power Laser and Particle Beams > 2025 > Accepted Manuscript

NI Qin¹, LU Tongtong, FANG Meihua, et al. Numerical simulation study on electromagnetic coupling characteristics of apertures based on FDTD method[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250075

Citation:

NI Qin¹, LU Tongtong, FANG Meihua, et al. Numerical simulation study on electromagnetic coupling characteristics of apertures based on FDTD method[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250075

Citation:

PDF( 5716 KB)

Numerical simulation study on electromagnetic coupling characteristics of apertures based on FDTD method

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250075

1.
School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Scattering and Radiation, Shanghai Radio Equipment Research Institute, Shanghai 200438, China
3.
College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China

Received Date: 2025-04-15
Accepted Date: 2025-09-05
Rev Recd Date: 2025-09-05

Available Online: 2025-09-15

Abstract

Abstract

Background
Electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) can couple into electronic equipment cavities through apertures, causing severe interference and potential damage. Understanding the coupling characteristics and resonance mechanisms is critical for improving electromagnetic protection design.
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the coupling effects of EMPs on rectangular cavities with apertures, focusing on field distribution, resonance behavior, and the impact of incidence conditions.
Methods
A numerical model of a perfectly conducting rectangular cavity was established using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. The study analyzed electromagnetic field distributions inside the cavity under varying incidence angles and continuous pulse excitations. A time-frequency joint analysis method was applied to reveal the resonance mechanisms of aperture coupling.
Results
The results show that aperture coupling produces significant electric field enhancement at specific frequencies, with peak amplitudes several times larger than the incident field. Normal incidence yields the strongest resonant effects, while oblique incidence leads to different responses in electric field components due to boundary constraints. Continuous pulse excitation results in electric field energy accumulation, though limited by standing-wave effects. The resonant frequencies were found to be strongly dependent on cavity dimensions, confirming the frequency-selective characteristics of aperture coupling.
Conclusions
This research establishes the theoretical basis for understanding EMP aperture coupling and provides technical references for designing protection measures in high-intensity electromagnetic environments.
- FDTD,
- electromagnetic pulse,
- aperture coupling,
- resonance effect,
- incidence angle

FullText(HTML)

References(19)

References

[1]	冯溪溪, 赵景涛, 曹垒. 典型后门耦合目标回波信号特性分析[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2024, 36: 043008 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202436.230272 Feng Xixi, Zhao Jingtao, Cao Lei. Characteristic analysis of echo signal of typical backdoor coupling target[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2024, 36: 043008 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202436.230272
[2]	IEC 61000-4-21, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-21: testing and measurement techniques - Reverberation chamber test methods[S].
[3]	GJB 8810-2015, 小屏蔽体屏蔽效能测量方法[S].
[4]	Bethe H A. Theory of diffraction by small holes[J]. Physical Review, 1944, 66(7/8): 163-182.
[5]	Solin J R. Formula for the field excited in a rectangular cavity with an aperture and lossy walls[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2015, 57(2): 203-209. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2014.2368124
[6]	张亚普, 达新宇, 祝杨坤, 等. 电大开孔箱体屏蔽效能分析解析模型[J]. 物理学报, 2014, 63: 234101 doi: 10.7498/aps.63.234101 Zhang Yapu, Da Xinyu, Zhu Yangkun, et al. Formulation for shielding effectiveness analysis of a rectangular enclosure with an electrically large aperture[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63: 234101 doi: 10.7498/aps.63.234101
[7]	Robinson M P, Benson T M, Christopoulos C, et al. Analytical formulation for the shielding effectiveness of enclosures with apertures[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1998, 40(3): 240-248. doi: 10.1109/15.709422
[8]	Po'ad F A, Jenu M Z M, Christopoulos C, et al. Analytical and experimental study of the shielding effectiveness of a metallic enclosure with off-centered apertures[C]//Proceedings of the 17th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. 2006.
[9]	Shi Dan, Lv Na, Gao Yougang. Shielding effectiveness estimation of a metallic enclosure with an off-center aperture for obliquely incident & arbitrary polarized plane wave[J]. ACES Journal, 2017, 32(4): 352-357.
[10]	Ren Dan, Du Ping’an, He Yin, et al. A fast calculation approach for the shielding effectiveness of an enclosure with numerous small apertures[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2016, 58(4): 1033-1041. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2016.2547739
[11]	王建国, 刘国治, 周金山. 微波孔缝线性耦合函数研究[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2003, 15(11): 1093-1099 Wang Jianguo, Liu Guozhi, Zhou Jinshan. Investigations on function for linear coupling of microwaves into slots[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2003, 15(11): 1093-1099
[12]	Chen Juan, Wang Jianguo. A three-dimensional HIE-PSTD scheme for simulation of thin slots[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2013, 55(6): 1239-1249. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2013.2265037
[13]	倪勤, 魏志勇, 强鹏, 等. 电磁脉冲与腔体孔缝耦合多峰共振特性研究[J]. 核电子学与探测技术, 2014, 34(7): 855-860,865 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-0934.2014.07.012 Ni Qin, Wei Zhiyong, Qiang Peng, et al. Investigation on multi- peak resonant electromagnetic pulse coupling into the cavity with a narrow slot[J]. Nuclear Electronics & Detection Technology, 2014, 34(7): 855-860,865 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-0934.2014.07.012
[14]	李智慧, 唐靖宇, 张伦. 有限积分理论(FIT)及其在腔体计算中的应用[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2002, 14(1): 156-160 Li Zhihui, Tang Jingyu, Zhang Lun. Finite integral theory and its application on cavity simulation[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2002, 14(1): 156-160
[15]	吴刚, 张新刚, 刘波. 有孔矩形金属腔体屏蔽效能的估算[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2011, 23(3): 743-748 doi: 10.3788/HPLPB20112303.0743 Wu Gang, Zhang Xingang, Liu Bo. Prediction for shielding effectiveness of rectangular metallic enclosure with aperture[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2011, 23(3): 743-748 doi: 10.3788/HPLPB20112303.0743
[16]	安静, 武俊峰, 吴一辉. 孔缝对内置电路板壳体屏蔽效能的影响[J]. 微波学报, 2011, 27(2): 34-37 An Jing, Wu Junfeng, Wu Yihui. Influence of apertures on shielding effectiveness for shell of loaded PCB[J]. Journal of Microwaves, 2011, 27(2): 34-37
[17]	Araneo R, Lovat G. Analysis of the shielding effectiveness of metallic enclosures excited by internal sources through an efficient method of moment approach[J]. ACES Journal, 2010, 25(7): 600-611.
[18]	Schröder A, Rasek G A, Brüns H D, et al. Analysis of high intensity radiated field coupling into aircraft using the method of moments[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2014, 56(1): 113-122. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2013.2278208
[19]	肖金石, 刘文化, 张世英, 等. 超宽带电磁脉冲对腔体孔缝耦合效应的数值模拟[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2010, 22(12): 2959-2963 doi: 10.3788/HPLPB20102212.2959 Xiao Jinshi, Liu Wenhua, Zhang Shiying, et al. Numerical simulation on coupling effects of ultra wide band electromagnetic pulse into slots in a cavity[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2010, 22(12): 2959-2963 doi: 10.3788/HPLPB20102212.2959