A light and small C-band metamaterial relativistic magnetron

Xiao Ziyan; Shi Difu; Ling Junpu; Pi Mingyao; Ding Bin

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202537.250159

Article Contents

Article Navigation > High Power Laser and Particle Beams > 2025 > Accepted Manuscript

Xiao Ziyan, Shi Difu, Ling Junpu, et al. A light and small C-band metamaterial relativistic magnetron[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250159

Citation:

Xiao Ziyan, Shi Difu, Ling Junpu, et al. A light and small C-band metamaterial relativistic magnetron[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250159

Xiao Ziyan, Shi Difu, Ling Junpu, et al. A light and small C-band metamaterial relativistic magnetron[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250159

Citation:

Xiao Ziyan, Shi Difu, Ling Junpu, et al. A light and small C-band metamaterial relativistic magnetron[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250159

PDF( 2925 KB)

A light and small C-band metamaterial relativistic magnetron

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250159

College of Interdisciplinary Advanced Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

Received Date: 2025-06-05
Accepted Date: 2025-08-12
Rev Recd Date: 2025-08-18

Available Online: 2025-08-27

Abstract

Abstract

Relativistic magnetrons (RMs) are promising high-power microwave (HPM) sources due to their high efficiency, low operating magnetic field, and compact configuration. Miniaturization and lightweight design are critical for expanding their application scope. However, the structural dimensions of traditional microwave sources, particularly those operating in low-frequency bands, are constrained by the correlation between wavelength and radial size. As a result, the radial size of their slow-wave structures often needs to be of the same magnitude as the working wavelength, which seriously limits their miniaturization and compact design. To address this issue, a C-band RM with all-cavity extraction based on metamaterials (MTMs) is proposed in this paper. This design aims to overcome the traditional design limitations, enabling effective reduction in device radial size and weight. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are conducted using CST Studio Suite to verify the performance of the MTM-based RM. For comparison, a traditional RM with identical key operating parameters such as voltage, magnetic field, internal anode radius, and frequency is simulated to validate the impact of MTMs on reducing the anode outer radius. In addition, preliminary designs of the permanent magnets for both structures are carried out using the magnetic field simulation software. Simulation results show that under an input voltage of 675 kV and a magnetic field of 0.29 T, the designed MTM-based RM generates a TEM-mode output with a power of 1.42 GW at a frequency of 4.3 GHz, corresponding to an efficiency of 52.6%. Compared with the traditional RM, when the operating performance metrics are nearly the same, the external anode radius is reduced by 5.5 mm, representing a 12% reduction in size, and the weight of the permanent magnet is reduced by 22.8%. These results demonstrate that the integration of MTMs effectively reduces the radial size of the C-band RM and the weight of the corresponding permanent magnet, which highlights the significant potential of MTMs in miniaturizing low-frequency HPM sources and provides a viable pathway for the development of lightweight, compact, and practical HPM systems.
- high-power microwave,
- relativistic magnetron,
- metamaterials,
- miniaturization,
- all-cavity extraction

FullText(HTML)

References(21)

References

[1]	Andreev D, Kuskov A, Schamiloglu E. Review of the relativistic magnetron[J]. Matter and Radiation at Extremes, 2019, 4: 067201. doi: 10.1063/1.5100028
[2]	Benford J, Swegle J A, Schamiloglu E. High power microwaves[M]. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2007.
[3]	何朝雄, 李天明, 胡标. 相对论磁控管技术及其应用[J]. 真空电子技术, 2016(6):1-6 He Chaoxiong, Li Tianming, Hu Biao. Technology and applications of relativistic magnetrons[J]. Vacuum Electronics, 2016(6): 1-6
[4]	王冬, 秦奋, 杨郁林, 等. L波段全腔提取轴向输出相对论磁控管设计[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2016, 28:033013 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201628.033013 Wang Dong, Qin Fen, Yang Yulin, et al. Design of L band all cavity axial extraction relativistic magnetron[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2016, 28: 033013 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201628.033013
[5]	Fuks M I, Schamiloglu E. 70% efficient relativistic magnetron with axial extraction of radiation through a horn antenna[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2010, 38(6): 1302-1312. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2010.2042823
[6]	Leach C, Prasad S, Fuks M I, et al. Experimental demonstration of a high-efficiency relativistic magnetron with diffraction output with spherical cathode endcap[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2017, 45(2): 282-288. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2016.2644625
[7]	He Chaoxiong, Wang Keqiang, Li Tianming, et al. A compact relativistic magnetron with diffraction output of TE₁₁ mode[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2024, 52(2): 285-290. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3369932
[8]	Li Wei, Liu Yonggui, Zhang Jun, et al. Experimental investigations on the relations between configurations and radiation patterns of a relativistic magnetron with diffraction output[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2013, 113: 023304. doi: 10.1063/1.4774245
[9]	Xu Sha, Lei Lurong, Qin Fen, et al. Compact, high power and high efficiency relativistic magnetron with L-band all cavity axial extraction[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2018, 25: 083301. doi: 10.1063/1.5041860
[10]	Liu Zeyang, Fan Yuwei, Wang Xiaoyu, et al. A high-efficiency relativistic magnetron with a novel all-cavity extraction structure[J]. AIP Advances, 2020, 10: 035104. doi: 10.1063/1.5102151
[11]	Liu Zeyang, Fan Yuwei, Wang Xiaoyu, et al. An improved high-efficiency relativistic magnetron with a novel cathode endcap[J]. AIP Advances, 2021, 11: 025239. doi: 10.1063/5.0028617
[12]	Xu Haodong, Wang Xiaoyu, Liu Zeyang, et al. A C-band relativistic magnetron with a novel extraction structure[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2023, 70(3): 1270-1274. doi: 10.1109/TED.2023.3234017
[13]	秦奋, 徐莎, 张勇, 等. Ku波段全腔提取相对论磁控管仿真设计[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2024, 36:103007 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202436.240165 Qin Fen, Xu Sha, Zhang Yong, et al. Simulation investigation of Ku-band relativistic magnetron with all-cavity-axial-extraction[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2024, 36: 103007 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202436.240165
[14]	Shi Difu, Qian Baoliang, Wang Honggang, et al. A modified relativistic magnetron with TEM output mode[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2017, 24: 013118. doi: 10.1063/1.4975006
[15]	Shi Difu, Qian Baoliang, Wang Honggang, et al. A novel relativistic magnetron with circularly polarized TE₁₁ coaxial waveguide mode[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2016, 49: 465104. doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/49/46/465104
[16]	Smith D R, Padilla W J, Vier D C, et al. Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2000, 84(18): 4184-4187. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4184
[17]	Marqués R, Martel J, Mesa F, et al. Left-handed-media simulation and transmission of EM waves in subwavelength split-ring-resonator-loaded metallic waveguides[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2002, 89: 183901. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.183901
[18]	Esteban J, Camacho-Penalosa C, Page J E, et al. Simulation of negative permittivity and negative permeability by means of evanescent waveguide modes-theory and experiment[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2005, 53(4): 1506-1514. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2005.845194
[19]	Dai Ouzhixiong, He Juntao, Ling Junpu, et al. A novel L-band metamaterial relativistic cherenkov oscillator with high conversion efficiency[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2019, 26: 023104. doi: 10.1063/1.5082754
[20]	周传明, 刘国治, 刘永贵, 等. 高功率微波源[M]. 北京: 原子能出版社, 2007 Zhou Chuanming, Liu Guozhi, Liu Yonggui, et al. High-power microwave sources[M]. Beijing: Atomic Energy Press, 2007
[21]	Smith D R, Vier D C, Koschny T, et al. Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials[J]. Physical Review E, 2005, 71: 036617. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.036617