W-band folded-waveguide traveling-wave tube with dual electron beams and H-plane power combining

Wang Huanyu; Duan Jingrui; Wang Zhanliang; Tang Haichen; Lu Zhigang; Wang Shaomeng; Gong Huarong; Gong Yubin

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202537.250160

Article Contents

Article Navigation > High Power Laser and Particle Beams > 2025 > Accepted Manuscript

Wang Huanyu, Duan Jingrui, Wang Zhanliang, et al. W-band folded-waveguide traveling-wave tube with dual electron beams and H-plane power combining[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250160

Citation:

Wang Huanyu, Duan Jingrui, Wang Zhanliang, et al. W-band folded-waveguide traveling-wave tube with dual electron beams and H-plane power combining[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250160

Citation:

PDF( 2441 KB)

W-band folded-waveguide traveling-wave tube with dual electron beams and H-plane power combining

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250160

1.
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
2.
AoTian Technology (Chengdu) Co, Ltd, Chengdu 641418, China

Funds: supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (62471097, 62471115, 62471101); National Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan (2025ZNSFSC0537)

More Information

Author Bio:
Wang Huanyu, 202321021214@std.uestc.edu.cn
Corresponding author: Wang Zhanliang, wangzl@uestc.edu.cn。
Received Date: 2025-06-05
Accepted Date: 2025-08-21
Rev Recd Date: 2025-08-21

Available Online: 2025-09-03

Abstract

Abstract

Background
Traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) are widely applied in radar, imaging, and military systems owing to their excellent amplification characteristics. Miniaturization and integration are critical to the future of TWTs, with multi-channel slow-wave structures (SWSs) forming the foundation for their realization in high-power vacuum electronic devices.
Purpose
To offer design insights into multi-channel TWTs and simultaneously enhance output power, a W-band folded-waveguide TWT with dual electron beams and H-plane power combining was proposed.
Methods
Three-dimensional electromagnetic simulations in CST were conducted to verify the high-frequency characteristics, electric field distribution, and amplification performance of the proposed SWS, thereby confirming the validity of the design.
Results
Results indicate that the designed TWT achieves a transmission bandwidth of 10 GHz. With an electron beam voltage of 17.9 kV and a current of 0.35 A, the output power reaches 450 W at 94 GHz, corresponding to an efficiency of 7.18% and a gain of 23.5 dB. Moreover, with fixed beam voltage and current, the TWT delivers over 200 W output power across 91–99 GHz, with a 3 dB bandwidth of 91–98.5 GHz. The particle voltage distribution after modulation further validates the mode analysis.
Conclusions
These results demonstrate the feasibility of compact dual-beam power-combining structures and provide useful guidance for the design of future multi-channel TWTs.
- double electron beam,
- folded waveguide,
- slow-wave structure,
- power combining,
- beam-wave interaction,
- w-band

FullText(HTML)

References(18)

References

[1]	Booske J H, Dobbs R J, Joye C D, et al. Vacuum electronic high power terahertz sources[J]. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 2011, 1(1): 54-75. doi: 10.1109/TTHZ.2011.2151610
[2]	Sherwin M. Terahertz power[J]. Nature, 2002, 420(6912): 131-133. doi: 10.1038/420131a
[3]	Himdi M, Aouial Y, Lafond O. Integrated slotted serpentine waveguide to enhance radiation properties and efficiency[J]. IEEE Access, 2022, 10: 51093-51099. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3172952
[4]	Jaque Jiménez Á, Zamora G, Bonache J. Frequency-scanning leaky-wave slot antenna array based on serpentine waveguide with open stopband suppression[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2024, 23(1): 344-348. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2023.3324063
[5]	Rouhi K, Marosi R, Mealy T, et al. Parametric modeling of serpentine waveguide traveling wave tubes[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2024, 52(4): 1247-1263. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3379944
[6]	Cook A M, Wright E L, Nguyen K T, et al. Demonstration of a W-band traveling-wave tube power amplifier with 10-GHz bandwidth[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2021, 68(5): 2492-2498. doi: 10.1109/TED.2021.3068926
[7]	Cai Jun, Feng Jinjun, Hu Yinfu, et al. 10 GHz bandwidth 100 watt W-band folded waveguide pulsed TWTs[J]. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2014, 24(9): 620-621. doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2014.2328891
[8]	Li Fei, Xiao Liu, Ma Tianjun, et al. W-Band 30W continuous wave wide band folded waveguide TWT[C]//2020 IEEE 21st International Conference on Vacuum Electronics (IVEC). 2020: 29-30.
[9]	Tian Yanyan, Wang Hexin, Shu Guoxiang, et al. Parallel arrangement folded double-ridge groove waveguide for high-power terahertz traveling-wave tube[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2021, 49(11): 3519-3523. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2021.3118371
[10]	Duan Jingrui, Lu Zhigang, Gao Peng, et al. Quadruple folded groove-guide slow wave structure with power synthesis circuit for terahertz TWT[J]. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 2025, 46(2): 302-305. doi: 10.1109/LED.2024.3515646
[11]	Joye C D, Vlasov A N, Jaynes R, et al. Ka-band low-voltage multiple-beam mini-TWT[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2023, 70(6): 2828-2833. doi: 10.1109/TED.2023.3239839
[12]	Eun Choi H, Choi W, Lee J, et al. Experimental investigation of a dual-beam traveling wave tube[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2024, 71(7): 4336-4341. doi: 10.1109/TED.2024.3405398
[13]	Tian Yanyan, Yue Lingna, Xu Jin, et al. A novel slow-wave structure—folded rectangular groove waveguide for millimeter-wave TWT[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2012, 59(2): 510-515. doi: 10.1109/TED.2011.2175929
[14]	Marosi R, Mealy T, Figotin A, et al. Three-way serpentine slow wave structures with stationary inflection point and enhanced interaction impedance[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2022, 50(12): 4820-4833. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2022.3218040
[15]	Zhang Keqian, Li Dejie. Electromagnetic theory for microwaves and optoelectronics[M]. 2nd ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2008: 228-301.
[16]	Pierce J R. Traveling-wave tubes[M]. New York: Van Nostrand, 1950: 123-135.
[17]	Duan Jingrui, Lu Zhigang, Zhu Junwan, et al. A modified fold waveguide slow wave structure for W-band dual-beam TWT[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2023, 70(6): 2786-2791. doi: 10.1109/TED.2023.3239459
[18]	Wang Huanyu, Wang Zhanliang, Liu Xing, et al. Simulation and experimental investigation on W-band back-to-back longitudinal serpentine groove slow wave structures[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2025, 72(7): 3875-3880. doi: 10.1109/TED.2025.3572878