Breakdown characteristics of oil-impregnated paper with different parameters of high-voltage pulse

Fan Ranyang; Qin Feng; Lu Junying; Li Simeng; Li Jisheng

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202537.250224

Volume 37 Issue 10

Sep. 2025

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > High Power Laser and Particle Beams > 2025 > 37(10): 106028

Fan Ranyang, Qin Feng, Lu Junying, et al. Breakdown characteristics of oil-impregnated paper with different parameters of high-voltage pulse[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2025, 37: 106028. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250224

Citation:

Fan Ranyang, Qin Feng, Lu Junying, et al. Breakdown characteristics of oil-impregnated paper with different parameters of high-voltage pulse[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2025, 37: 106028. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250224

Citation:

PDF( 3749 KB)

Breakdown characteristics of oil-impregnated paper with different parameters of high-voltage pulse

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250224

Fan Ranyang^{1, 2
,},
Qin Feng³,
Lu Junying¹,
Li Simeng^{1
,
,},
Li Jisheng²

1.
State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
2.
School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
3.
National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China

Received Date: 2025-07-19
Accepted Date: 2025-09-12
Rev Recd Date: 2025-09-12

Available Online: 2025-09-23

Publish Date: 2025-10-15

Abstract

Abstract

Background
Distribution transformers in the high altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) conduction environment are subjected to nanosecond electrical stress, which can easily cause insulation failure or damage between the winding leads.
Purpose
This paper takes the transformer winding model as the basis to study the relationship between the volt-second characteristics of oil-immersed paper, breakdown probability, pulse voltage amplitude, and cumulative number of withstand times with different half-height widths and rising edge of the nanosecond voltage pulses (U-N characteristics) .
Methods
Modify the circuit components to alter the output voltage’s half-width and rise time, thereby investigating the impact of these changes on the breakdown characteristics of oil-immersed paper. Apply the Weibull distribution function to fit and analyze the resulting data.
Result
When the fixed rising edge is 20 ns, the breakdown voltage decreases as the half-height width increases; when the fixed half-height width is 500 ns, the breakdown voltage increases as the rising edge increases.
Conclusions
The effects of different voltage parameters on the volt-second characteristics and breakdown probability are more obvious, and it is found that the probability of breakdown of oil immersed paper wave head decreases with the increase of full width at half maximum, and increases with the increase of rising edge, resulting in changes in breakdown probability and volt-second characteristics. The change in U-N characteristics is more affected by the magnitude of voltage amplitude, and less affected by changes in voltage characteristic parameters.
- distribution transformers,
- nanosecond pulses,
- half-height width and rising edge,
- Weibull distribution function,
- breakdown characteristics

FullText(HTML)

References(26)

References

[1]	Olsen R G, Tarditi A G. EMP coupling to a straight conductor above ground: transmission line formulation based on electromagnetic reciprocity[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2019, 61(3): 919-927. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2018.2838080
[2]	毛从光, 程引会, 谢彦召. 高空电磁脉冲技术基础[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2018 Mao Congguang, Cheng Yinhui, Xie Yanzhao. High altitude electromagnetic pulse technology foundation[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2018
[3]	董宁, 谢彦召. 考虑参数不确定性的高空电磁脉冲E1分量环境计算及分析[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2019, 31: 070002 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201931.190140 Dong Ning, Xie Yanzhao. Early-time high-altitude electromagnetic pulse simulation and analysis considering parameter uncertainty[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2019, 31: 070002 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201931.190140
[4]	Wang Jianguo, Liu Li, Zuo Yinghong, et al. Research progress in numerical simulation of environmental parameters generated by the high-altitude nuclear explosions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2025, 72(3): 884-900. doi: 10.1109/TNS.2025.3530013
[5]	Li Ya, Liu Li, Wang Jianguo, et al. Numerical simulation of the intermediate-time high-altitude electromagnetic pulse[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2022, 64(5): 1423-1430. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2022.3179676
[6]	王建国. 高空核爆炸磁流体动力学电磁脉冲[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2024, 36: 073001 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202436.240105 Wang Jianguo. Magnetohydrodynamic electromagnetic pulse produced by high altitude nuclear explosion[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2024, 36: 073001 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202436.240105
[7]	秦锋, 陈伟, 毛从光, 等. 电力系统高空电磁脉冲效应研究综述[J]. 现代应用物理, 2023, 14: 030102 Qin Feng, Chen Wei, Mao Congguang, et al. A review of research on high-altitude electromagnetic pulse effects in power systems[J]. Modern Applied Physics, 2023, 14: 030102
[8]	Xie Haiyan, Du Taijiao, Zhang Maoyu, et al. Theoretical and experimental study of effective coupling length for transmission lines illuminated by HEMP[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2015, 57(6): 1529-1538. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2015.2463814
[9]	董亚运, 崔志同, 程引会, 等. kA级脉冲电流注入环的电路建模与分析[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2022, 34: 095013 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202234.210565 Dong Yayun, Cui Zhitong, Cheng Yinhui, et al. Circuit modeling and analysis of kA level pulse current injection probe[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2022, 34: 095013 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202234.210565
[10]	赵志斌, 柯俊吉, 马丽斌. 高空核电磁脉冲晚期效应对电网稳定性影响的研究[J]. 电气技术, 2015, 16(9): 16-19 Zhao Zhibin, Ke Junji, Ma Libin. Research on impact of late-time HEMP to stability of power grids[J]. Electrical Engineering, 2015, 16(9): 16-19
[11]	Gurevich D. EMP and its impact on electrical power system: standards and reports[J]. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), 2016, 1(6): 6-10.
[12]	国家统计局. 2018年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[R]. 北京: 国家统计局, 2019.
[13]	Zheng Jingquan, Shen Yanyang, Li Jie, et al. Electrical tree characteristics of epoxy resin/Aln nanocomposites in LN₂ with repetitive nanosecond pulse voltage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, 31: 7700505.
[14]	李斯盟, 杨帆, 秦锋, 等. 纳秒脉冲电压下油浸纸局部尖端缺陷击穿特性及损伤规律[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(14): 5326-5337 Li Simeng, Yang Fan, Qin Feng, et al. Breakdown characteristics and damage law of localized tip defect on oil-immersed paper under nanosecond pulse voltage[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(14): 5326-5337
[15]	Qin Feng, Li Simeng, Chen Wei, et al. Quantitative grading of insulation damage to distribution transformers caused by high-altitude electromagnetic pulse based on partial discharge detection[J]. High Voltage, 2025, 10(4): 1032-1042. doi: 10.1049/hve2.12511
[16]	秦锋, 崔志同, 毛从光, 等. 高空电磁脉冲传导环境下配电变压器绕组电应力分布特性[J]. 现代应用物理, 2025, 16: 030507 Qin Feng, Cui Zhitong, Mao Congguang, et al. Electric stress distribution characteristics of distribution transformer windings under HEMP conductive environments[J]. Modern Applied Physics, 2025, 16: 030507
[17]	秦锋, 毛从光, 崔志同, 等. HEMP传导环境下变压器等效电路模型的建立及验证[J]. 现代应用物理, 2021, 12: 020501 Qin Feng, Mao Congguang, Cui Zhitong, et al. Design and verification of equivalent circuit model of transformer under HEMP conduction environment[J]. Modern Applied Physics, 2021, 12: 020501
[18]	陈庆国, 池明赫, 高源, 等. 复合电场下油纸(板)绝缘击穿特性及其数学模型[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(31): 170-176 Chen Qingguo, Chi Minghe, Gao Yuan, et al. Breakdown characteristics and its mathematical model of oil-pressboard insulation under compound electric field[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(31): 170-176
[19]	樊冉阳, 李斯盟, 秦锋, 等. HEMP作用下油纸绝缘工频局放特性[J]. 现代应用物理, 2024, 15: 061206 Fan Ranyang, Li Simeng, Qin Feng, et al. Partial discharge characteristics of oil-paper insulation at working frequency under HEMP impact[J]. Modern Applied Physics, 2024, 15: 061206
[20]	Li Simeng, Li Qingquan, He Dongxin. PD classification in oil-pressboard insulation by simulating a needle-plate model with +DC voltage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2019, 26(1): 261-269. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2018.007560
[21]	Lesaint O. Prebreakdown phenomena in liquids: propagation 'modes' and basic physical properties[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2016, 49: 1 44001.
[22]	Piccin R, Mor A, Morshuis P, et al. Partial discharge analysis of gas insulated systems at high voltage AC and DC[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2015, 22(1): 218-228. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2014.004711
[23]	IEC 60060-1: 2010, High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: general definitions and test requirements[S].
[24]	Guo Ruochen, Wang Zhen, He Cong, et al. Breakdown characteristics of transformer oil with cellulose particles in a non-uniform field under lightning impulse voltage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2020, 27(5): 1627-1635. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2020.008892
[25]	胡一卓, 董明, 谢佳成, 等. 聚合物绝缘材料多因子老化的研究现状与发展[J]. 电网技术, 2020, 44(4): 1276-1289 Hu Yizhuo, Dong Ming, Xie Jiacheng, et al. Status and progress in multi-factor ageing research for polymer insulation materials[J]. Power System Technology, 2020, 44(4): 1276-1289
[26]	Sun Potao, Sima Wenxia, Zhang Dingfei, et al. Impact of wavefront time of microsecond impulse on the breakdown voltage of oil impregnated paper: mechanism analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2018, 25(5): 1706-1715. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2018.007078