Research progress on microwave effects of unmanned aerial vehicles

Zhao Jingtao; Cao Lei; Feng Xixi; Ge Yi; Chen Zidong; Zhao Gang

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202638.250450

Article Contents

Article Navigation > High Power Laser and Particle Beams > 2026 > Accepted Manuscript

Zhao Jingtao, Cao Lei, Feng Xixi, et al. Research progress on microwave effects of unmanned aerial vehicles[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202638.250450

Citation:

Zhao Jingtao, Cao Lei, Feng Xixi, et al. Research progress on microwave effects of unmanned aerial vehicles[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202638.250450

Zhao Jingtao, Cao Lei, Feng Xixi, et al. Research progress on microwave effects of unmanned aerial vehicles[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202638.250450

Citation:

Zhao Jingtao, Cao Lei, Feng Xixi, et al. Research progress on microwave effects of unmanned aerial vehicles[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202638.250450

PDF( 3671 KB)

Research progress on microwave effects of unmanned aerial vehicles

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202638.250450

Zhao Jingtao^{1, 2
,},
Cao Lei^{1, 2},
Feng Xixi^{1, 2},
Ge Yi^{1, 2},
Chen Zidong^{1, 2},
Zhao Gang^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Laser and High Power Microwave, Mianyang 621999, China

Received Date: 2025-12-11
Accepted Date: 2026-02-09
Rev Recd Date: 2026-02-09

Available Online: 2026-03-05

Abstract

Abstract

Background
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) pose significant military threats and civil security risks, and microwave technology has become a core counter-UAV means due to its low cost, area-effect engagement, and all-weather capability. Research on UAV microwave effects is the foundation for counter-UAV equipment development and protection design.
Purpose
This paper aims to systematically review the research progress of UAV microwave effects, clarify existing challenges, and provide directional references for future studies.
Methods
By combing through domestic and foreign relevant research, this review summarizes the characteristics of different microwave effects, analyzes key influencing factors, and sorts out current research limitations and development trends.
Results
Front-door effects involve coupling through intentional electromagnetic channels (e.g., data links) with low-noise amplifiers as sensitive components, and thresholds are related to frequency matching; back-door effects rely on unintentional channels (e.g., cables, housing gaps) with cables as the main path, but relevant research is insufficient; system-level effects show hierarchical failure, affected by UAV models, microwave parameters, and attitudes. Current research faces “black box” coupling mechanisms, fragmented methods, and inadequate connection with protection design.
Conclusions
Future research should focus on multi-path collaborative coupling modeling, complex scenario assessment, and countermeasure-protection collaborative technologies. This review provides a systematic reference for the field, supporting counter-UAV equipment development and safe UAV application.
- UAV,
- microwave,
- microwave effect,
- counter-UAV

FullText(HTML)

References(80)

References

[1]	马小东. 无人机战争如何影响国际地缘政治[J]. 世界知识, 2023(12): 67-69 Ma Xiaodong. How does drone warfare affect international geopolitics[J]. World Affairs, 2023(12): 67-69
[2]	崔勇平, 邢清华. 从俄乌战争看无人机对野战防空的挑战和启示[J]. 航天电子对抗, 2022, 38(4): 1-3 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-2421.2022.04.001 Cui Yongping, Xing Qinghua. The challenge and inspiration of UAVs to field air defense from the Russia-Ukraine War[J]. Aerospace Electronic Countermeasures, 2022, 38(4): 1-3 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-2421.2022.04.001
[3]	逄金刚, 胡瑞林, 李增祥, 等. 纳卡冲突对智能化战争无人机作战的研究[J]. 舰船电子工程, 2024, 44(6): 5-8 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9730.2024.06.002 Pang Jin’gang, Hu Ruilin, Li Zengxiang, et al. Research on the Naka conflict to the intelligent war UAV operation[J]. Ship Electronic Engineering, 2024, 44(6): 5-8 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9730.2024.06.002
[4]	寇昆湖, 刘北, 钱峰. 近几场局部战争中无人机运用特点与启示[J]. 舰船电子工程, 2024, 44(7): 5-7,34 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9730.2024.07.002 Kou Kunhu, Liu Bei, Qian Feng. Role characteristics and enlightenment of UAV in recent local wars[J]. Ship Electronic Engineering, 2024, 44(7): 5-7,34 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9730.2024.07.002
[5]	董宇, 高敏, 张悦, 等. 美军蜂群无人机研究进展及发展趋势[J]. 飞航导弹, 2020(9): 37-42 doi: 10.16338/j.issn.1009-1319.20200158 Dong Yu, Gao Min, Zhang Yue, et al. Research progress and development trends of US military drone swarms[J]. Aerodynamic Missile Journal, 2020(9): 37-42 doi: 10.16338/j.issn.1009-1319.20200158
[6]	周末, 孙海文, 王亮, 等. 国外反无人机蜂群作战研究[J]. 指挥控制与仿真, 2023, 45(2): 24-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2023.02.004 Zhou Mo, Sun Haiwen, Wang Liang, et al. Research on foreign anti-UAV swarm warfare[J]. Command Control & Simulation, 2023, 45(2): 24-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-3819.2023.02.004
[7]	令钧溥, 王蕾, 皮明瑶, 等. 美国反无人机高功率微波技术研究现状及启示[J]. 国防科技, 2023, 44(3): 74-80 doi: 10.13943/j.issn1671-4547.2023.03.10 Ling Junpu, Wang Lei, Pi Mingyao, et al. High-power microwave technology countering UAVs in the United States: research status and implications[J]. National Defense Technology, 2023, 44(3): 74-80 doi: 10.13943/j.issn1671-4547.2023.03.10
[8]	柯江宁. “蜂群”攻击——美国获取战场优势的秘密武器[J]. 现代军事, 2015(2): 102-107 Ke Jiangning. “Swarm” attack-the secret weapon to gain battlefield advantage by the US[J]. Conmilit, 2015(2): 102-107
[9]	王瑞杰, 王得朝, 丰璐, 等. 国外无人机蜂群作战样式进展及反蜂群策略研究[J]. 现代防御技术, 2023, 51(4): 1-9 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2023.04.001 Wang Ruijie, Wang Dechao, Feng Lu, et al. Research progress and countermeasures against UAV swarm operations abroad[J]. Modern Defense Technology, 2023, 51(4): 1-9 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2023.04.001
[10]	张颜颜, 陈宏, 鄢振麟, 等. 高功率微波反无人机技术[J]. 电子信息对抗技术, 2020, 35(4): 39-43 doi: CNKI:SUN:DZDK.0.2020-04-009 Zhang Yanyan, Chen Hong, Yan Zhenlin, et al. The technology of high-power microwave anti-bee swarm drone[J]. Electronic Information Warfare Technology, 2020, 35(4): 39-43 doi: CNKI:SUN:DZDK.0.2020-04-009
[11]	吴凌华, 任亚辉. 高功率微波武器反击无人机研究[J]. 移动电源与车辆, 2024, 56(3): 23-28,13 Wu Linghua, Ren Yahui. Research on high power microwave weapons counterattack unmanned aerial vehicle[J]. Movable Power Station & Vehicle, 2024, 56(3): 23-28,13
[12]	孙昭, 何广军, 李广剑. 美军反无人机技术研究[J]. 飞航导弹, 2021(11): 12-18 doi: 10.16338/j.issn.1009-1319.20210124 Sun Zhao, He Guangjun, Li Guangjian. Research on counter-drone technology of the us military[J]. Aerodynamic Missile Journal, 2021(11): 12-18 doi: 10.16338/j.issn.1009-1319.20210124
[13]	方进勇. 简明高功率微波技术[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2022 Fang Jinyong. Concise high power microwave technology[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2022
[14]	Sakharov K Y, Sukhov A V, Ugolev V L, et al. Study of UWB electromagnetic pulse impact on commercial unmanned aerial vehicle[C]//Proceedings of 2018 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. 2018: 40-43.
[15]	张爽娜, 王盾, 岳富占, 等. 全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)干扰与抗干扰[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2023 Zhang Shuangna, Wang Dun, Yue Fuzhan, et al. GNSS interference threats and countermeasures[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2023
[16]	Fan Yuqing, Cheng Erwei, Wei Ming, et al. Effects of CW interference on the BDS receiver and analysis on the coupling path of electromagnetic energy[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 155885-155893. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2949462
[17]	Hegarty C J, Bobyn D, Grabowski J, et al. An overview of the effects of out-of-band interference on GNSS receivers[J]. Navigation, 2020, 67(1): 143-161. doi: 10.1002/navi.345
[18]	张冬晓. 无人机装备数据链电磁安全态势评估及防护方法研究[D]. 石家庄: 陆军工程大学石家庄校区, 2019: 12-20 Zhang Dongxiao. Research on electromagnetic safety assessment and protection method of UAV’s datalink[D]. Shijiazhuang: Army Engineering University Shijiazhuang Campus, 2019: 12-20
[19]	赵敏, 许彤, 程二威, 等. 无人机数据链电磁干扰机理和防护研究[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2021, 33: 033005 Zhao Min, Xu Tong, Cheng Erwei, et al. Mechanism and protection on the data link of UAV exposed to electromagnetic interference[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2021, 33: 033005
[20]	张冬晓, 陈亚洲, 肖雪荣, 等. 无人机主遥控数据链电磁干扰机理研究[J]. 微波学报, 2016, 32(2): 90-96 doi: 10.14183/j.cnki.1005-6122.201602020 Zhang Dongxiao, Chen Yazhou, Xiao Xuerong, et al. Analysis of mechanism of electromagnetic interference on UAV’s main telecontrol system[J]. Journal of Microwaves, 2016, 32(2): 90-96 doi: 10.14183/j.cnki.1005-6122.201602020
[21]	张冬晓, 陈亚洲, 田庆民, 等. 无人机副遥控系统连续波电磁辐照机理[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2015, 27: 103237 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201527.103237 Zhang Dongxiao, Chen Yazhou, Tian Qingmin, et al. Mechanism of continuous wave electromagnetic radiation on UAV’s vice telecontrol system[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2015, 27: 103237 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201527.103237
[22]	张冬晓, 陈亚洲, 程二威, 等. 某型无人靶机连续波电磁辐射效应试验研究[J]. 河北师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 41(1): 39-44 doi: 10.13763/j.cnki.jhebnu.nse.2017.01.008 Zhang Dongxiao, Chen Yazhou, Cheng Erwei, et al. Experimental research on continuous-wave electromagnetic radiation effects of a certain unmanned target drone[J]. Journal of Hebei Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 41(1): 39-44 doi: 10.13763/j.cnki.jhebnu.nse.2017.01.008
[23]	张冬晓, 陈亚洲, 程二威, 等. 用于无人机信息链路电磁干扰预测的动态电磁敏感度测试研究[J]. 高电压技术, 2019, 45(2): 665-672 doi: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20190130043 Zhang Dongxiao, Chen Yazhou, Cheng Erwei, et al. Research on dynamic electromagnetic susceptibility for electromagnetic interference prediction of UAV information link[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2019, 45(2): 665-672 doi: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20190130043
[24]	杜宝舟, 陈亚洲, 高万峰, 等. 基于注入法的某型无人机数据链电磁效应研究[J]. 高电压技术, 2018, 44(10): 3322-3327 doi: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20180925023 Du Baozhou, Chen Yazhou, Gao Wanfeng, et al. Research on electromagnetic effect of unmanned aerial vehicle data link based on injection method[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2018, 44(10): 3322-3327 doi: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20180925023
[25]	Zhang Dongxiao, Cheng Eerwei, Wan Haojiang, et al. Prediction of electromagnetic compatibility for dynamic datalink of UAV[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2019, 61(5): 1474-1482. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2018.2867641
[26]	Zhang Dongxiao, Zhou Xing, Cheng Eerwei, et al. Investigation on effects of HPM pulse on UAV’s datalink[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2020, 62(3): 829-839. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2019.2915285
[27]	李岩, 程二威, 张冬晓, 等. 无人机收发信机快沿电磁脉冲效应研究[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2018, 30: 103201 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201830.180127 Li Yan, Cheng Erwei, Zhang Dongxiao, et al. Effect of fast rise-time electromagnetic pulse on UAV transceiver[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2018, 30: 103201 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201830.180127
[28]	Gao Shukun, Cheng Eerwei, Chen Yazhou, et al. Research on ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse irradiation effect and protection method of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019, 1325: 012165. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1325/1/012165
[29]	Gao Chang, Xue Zhenghui, Li Weiming, et al. The influence of electromagnetic interference of HPM on UAV[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT). 2021: 1-3.
[30]	张晓璐, 陈亚洲, 赵敏, 等. 无人机数据链单音干扰效应规律研究[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2025, 37: 113009 Zhang Xiaolu, Chen Yazhou, Zhao Min, et al. Study on the law of single-tone interference effect in unmanned aerial vehicle data links[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2025, 37: 113009
[31]	高畅, 任远桢, 张厚强, 等. HPM对无人机数据链干扰效应研究[J]. 无线电工程, 2022, 52(9): 1649-1654 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-3106.2022.09.020 Gao Chang, Ren Yuanzhen, Zhang Houqiang, et al. Research on interference effect of HPM on UAV data link[J]. Radio Engineering, 2022, 52(9): 1649-1654 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-3106.2022.09.020
[32]	He Kai, Yu Daojie, Zhang Xia, et al. Detection and identification of system level soft failure induced by radio frequency interference in small UAV system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2022, 64(3): 661-673. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2022.3141379
[33]	He Kai, Yu Daojie, Guo Baiseng, et al. An equivalent dynamic test system for immunity characterization of the UAV positioning module using bulk current injection method[J]. IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications, 2020, 2(4): 161-164. doi: 10.1109/LEMCPA.2020.3037499
[34]	Song Ruilong, Zheng Jingzhi, Zhang Mingwen, et al. Communication jamming of high power microwave pulse to UAV[C]//Proceedings of 24th International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC). 2023: 1-2.
[35]	Li Yonglong, Hu Ming, Liang Mingxuan, et al. Study on the effects of ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses on unmanned aerial vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2024, 66(4): 1192-1202. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2024.3386551
[36]	Månsson D, Thottappillil R, Nilsson T, et al. Susceptibility of civilian GPS receivers to electromagnetic radiation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2008, 50(2): 434-437. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2008.921015
[37]	赵铜城, 余道杰, 周东方, 等. 无人机GPS接收机超宽谱电磁脉冲效应与试验分析[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2019, 31: 023001 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201931.180365 Zhao Tongcheng, Yu Daojie, Zhou Dongfang, et al. Ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic pulse effect and experimental analysis of UAV GPS receiver[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2019, 31: 023001 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201931.180365
[38]	张庆龙, 程二威, 王玉明, 等. 无人机卫星导航系统的电磁干扰效应规律研究[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(12): 2684-2691 Zhang Qinglong, Cheng Erwei, Wang Yuming, et al. Research on the electromagnetic interference effect of UAV satellite navigation system[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42(12): 2684-2691
[39]	Huang Xin, Chen Yazhou, Wang Yuming. Simulation of interference effects of UWB pulse signal to the GPS receiver[J]. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2021, 2021: 9935543. doi: 10.1109/itst.2006.288875
[40]	Norhashim N, Kamal N L M, Sahwee Z, et al. The effects of jamming on global positioning system (GPS) accuracy for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Computer and Drone Applications (IConDA). 2022: 18-22.
[41]	王玉明, 马立云, 陈亚洲. 无人机智能电磁攻防技术[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2021, 33: 123022 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202133.210387 Wang Yuming, Ma Liyun, Chen Yazhou. UAV intelligent electromagnetic attack and defense technology[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2021, 33: 123022 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202133.210387
[42]	Silfverskiold S, Backstrom M, Loren J. Microwave field-to-wire coupling measurements in anechoic and reverberation chambers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2002, 44(1): 222-232. doi: 10.1109/15.990729
[43]	Leone M, Singer H L. On the coupling of an external electromagnetic field to a printed circuit board trace[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1999, 41(4): 418-424. doi: 10.1109/15.809842
[44]	Leone M. Radiated susceptibility on the printed-circuit-board level: simulation and measurement[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2005, 47(3): 471-478. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2005.850682
[45]	陈亚洲, 张冬晓, 田庆民, 等. 某型无人机数据链系统HEMP辐照效应[J]. 高电压技术, 2016, 42(3): 959-965 doi: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20160310007 Chen Yazhou, Zhang Dongxiao, Tian Qingmin, et al. HEMP radiation effects on unmanned aerial vdehicle data link system[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016, 42(3): 959-965 doi: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20160310007
[46]	Wang Yuming, Ma Liyun, Meng Zhaoxiang. Effects of UWB electromagnetic pulse on UAV data link system[C]//Proceedings of 2019 IEEE 6th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (ISEMC). 2019: 1-4.
[47]	Kim S, Noh Y H, Lee J, et al. Electromagnetic signature of a quadcopter drone and its relationship with coupling mechanisms[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 174764-174773. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2956499
[48]	Kim S, Lee J, Choi J S, et al. Analysis of electromagnetic pulse coupling into electronic device considering wire and PCB resonance[C]//Proceedings of 2018 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP 2018). 2018: 521-522.
[49]	Hamdalla M Z M, Hassan A M, Caruso A N. Characteristic mode analysis of the effect of the UAV frame material on coupling and interference[C]//Proceedings of 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting. 2019: 1497-1498.
[50]	Lubkowski G, Lanzrath M, Lavau L C, et al. Response of the UAV sensor system to HPEM attacks[C]//Proceedings of 2020 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility-EMC EUROPE. 2020: 1-6.
[51]	张江南. 宽带高功率电磁脉冲对典型无人机毁伤评估研究[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2020: 21-30 Zhang Jiangnan. Research on damage assessment of typical UAVs under broadband high-power electromagnetic pulses[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2020: 21-30
[52]	温云鹏, 袁双, 鄢振麟. 强电磁脉冲对固定翼无人机的辐射试验[J]. 电子信息对抗技术, 2021, 36(4): 70-73 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2230.2021.04.014 Wen Yunpeng, Yuan Shuang, Yan Zhenlin. Intense electromagnetic pulse test for fixed wing aircraft[J]. Electronic Information Warfare Technology, 2021, 36(4): 70-73 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2230.2021.04.014
[53]	Zhao Min, Chen Yazhou, Zhou Xing, et al. Investigation on falling and damage mechanisms of UAV illuminated by HPM pulses[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2022, 64(5): 1412-1422. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2022.3187017
[54]	Mao Qidong, Xiang Zhongwu, Huang Liyang, et al. High-power microwave pulse-induced failure on unmanned aerial vehicle system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2023, 51(7): 1885-1893. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2023.3236300
[55]	Yang Huimin, Peng Yan, Zhang Tiancheng, et al. Analysis of high power microwave coupling effect of PCB traces[C]//Proceedings of 2024 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS). 2024: 1-5.
[56]	Zhang Zhao, Zhou Yang, Zhang Yang, et al. Investigation on the effects of C-band high-power microwave on unmanned aerial vehicle system[J]. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 2025, 39(4): 476-489. doi: 10.1080/09205071.2025.2454400
[57]	张钊, 周扬, 张洋, 等. 带外高功率微波对典型无人机载导航接收机效应研究[C]//第30届全国电磁兼容学术会议. 2024: 160-163 Zhang Zhao, Zhou Yang, Zhang Yang, et al. Investigation on the effect of out-of-band HPM on typical airborne navigation receivers[C]//Proceedings of the 30th National Academic Conference on Electromagnetic Compatibility. 2024: 160-163
[58]	Abadpour S, Dehkhoda P, Karami H R, et al. Aperture size effect on the susceptibility of a PCB inside an enclosure[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). 2011: 741-744.
[59]	Du J K, Ahn J W, Hwang S M, et al. Analysis of coupling effects in waveguides using the BLT equation and numerical methods[C]//Proceedings of MTT-S International Symposium Microwave. 2012: 1-3.
[60]	Du J K, Kim Y, Yook J G, et al. Coupling effects of incident electromagnetic waves to multilayered PCBs in metallic enclosures[C]//Proceedings of 2015 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT). 2015: 359-361.
[61]	Xiao Pei, Du Pingan, Ren Dan, et al. A hybrid method for calculating the coupling to PCB inside a nested shielding enclosure based on electromagnetic topology[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2016, 58(6): 1701-1709. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2016.2588505
[62]	程二威, 陈亚洲, 刘卫东, 等. 无人机外壳屏蔽效能测试方法[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2017, 29: 113201 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201729.170208 Cheng Erwei, Chen Yazhou, Liu Weidong, et al. Test method for shielding effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicle enclosure[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2017, 29: 113201 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201729.170208
[63]	魏利郝, 敦书波, 张旭, 等. 电磁波击落无人机的机理剖析和验证[J]. 安全与电磁兼容, 2024(5): 51-55 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9776.2024.05.005 Wei Lihao, Dun Shubo, Zhang Xu, et al. Mechanism analysis and verification of UAV shot down by electromagnetic wave[J]. Safety & EMC, 2024(5): 51-55 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9776.2024.05.005
[64]	Yang Chaochao, Meng Jin, Wang Haitao. Susceptibility of civilian UAV to wideband high power electromagnetic pulses[J]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters, 2022, 104: 15-25. doi: 10.2528/pierl22032801
[65]	Loubriel G M, Vigliano D, Coleman P D, et al. Extremely high frequency RF effects on electronics[R]. Albuquerque: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), 2012.
[66]	Backstrom M G, Lovstrand K G. Susceptibility of electronic systems to high power microwaves: summary of test experience[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2004, 46(3): 396-403. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2004.831814
[67]	Shurenkov V, Pershenkov V. Electromagnetic pulse effects and damage mechanism on the semiconductor electronics[J]. Facta Universitatis - Series: Electronics and Energetics, 2016, 29(4): 621-629. doi: 10.2298/fuee1604621s
[68]	Goransson G. HPM effects on electronic components and the importance of this knowledge in evaluation of system susceptibility[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. 1999: 543-548.
[69]	Radasky W A, Bäckström M. Brief historical review and bibliography for intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI)[C]//Proceedings of General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS). 2014: 1-4.
[70]	Nitsch D, Sabath F, Schmidt H U, et al. Comparison of the HPM and UWB susceptibility of modern microprocessor boards[C]//Proceedings of 15th International Zurich Symposium on EMC. 2003: 121-126.
[71]	Palisek L, Suchy L. High power microwave effects on computer networks[C]//Proceedings of 10th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC Europe). 2011: 18-21.
[72]	Hoad R, Carter N J, Herke D, et al. Trends in EM susceptibility of IT equipment[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2004, 46(3): 390-395. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2004.831815
[73]	Nitsch D, Camp M, Sabath F, et al. Susceptibility of some electronic equipment to HPEM threats[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2004, 46(3): 380-389. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2004.831842
[74]	Noakoasteen O, Wang Shu, Peng Zhen, et al. Physics-informed deep neural networks for transient electromagnetic analysis[J]. IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 1: 404-412. doi: 10.1109/OJAP.2020.3013830
[75]	Yao Heming, Jiang Lijun. Machine learning based neural network solving methods for the FDTD method[C]//Proceedings of 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2018: 2321-2322.
[76]	Zhang Pan, Hu Yanyan, Jin Yuchen, et al. A Maxwell’s equations based deep learning method for time domain electromagnetic simulations[J]. IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques, 2021, 6: 35-40. doi: 10.1109/JMMCT.2021.3057793
[77]	Qi Shutong, Wang Yinpeng, Li Yongzhong, et al. Two-dimensional electromagnetic solver based on deep learning technique[J]. IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques, 2020, 5: 83-88. doi: 10.1109/JMMCT.2020.2995811
[78]	张帅, 张艺博, 涂敏. 浅析美国高功率微波效应研究动态[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2024, 36: 013001 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202436.230304 Zhang Shuai, Zhang Yibo, Tu Min. Brief analysis of research trends of high power microwave effect in the United States[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2024, 36: 013001 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202436.230304
[79]	Adami C, Chmel S, Jöster M, et al. Definition and test of the electromagnetic immunity of UAS for first responders[J]. Advances in Radio Science, 2015, 13: 141-147. doi: 10.5194/ars-13-141-2015
[80]	Esteves J L, Cottais E, Kasmi C. Unlocking the access to the effects induced by IEMI on a civilian UAV[C]//Proceedings of 2018 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC EUROPE). 2018: 48-52.