Electromagnetic field algorithms in particle-in-cell simulation

The centered-difference, time-biased and FDTD algorithms in particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation are studied and the stability conditions of these algorithms are given. The high-frequency noise filtering characters of time-biased and high quality algorithms are analysed and their application scopes are discussed. The calculated results of the three algorithms are compared for the computation of a relativistic backward wave oscillator, further verifying their filtering characters.