Numerical simulation of space charge effect with boundary element method Poisson solver

The general property of space charge dominated beam behavior is that a beam with an initial non-linear profile tends to become more uniform and this process is associated with strong emittance and the appearance of beam halo which are the potential sources of beam loss in high intensity accelerators. To simulate the beam behavior, a general particle tracking code including space charge effect was implemented using C++ language. Based on the classical PIC method, this code employs the boundary element method as the Poisson solver to compute space charge force with non-equidistant multi-grid. The comparison of simulative and analytical results of the beam distribution in free space shows good consistency. Finally, the simulative result of an injection beam line is presented. The computation