Three dimensional particle-in-cell simulation of L-band relativistic klystron amplifier

This paper conducted the simulation study in 3 dimensions. The cold-cavity analysis was performed for input, idler and output cavities by high frequency field software. The whole L-band RKA tube was modeled by three dimensional particle-in-cell method, and special attention was put onto the influence of the input and output coupling structures. The optimized parameters in the simulation are as follows: the electron energy is 500 keV, the current is 5 kA, the working frequency is 1.3 GHz, the mean output power is 600 MW and the efficiency is about 25%.