Model of microwave electromagnetic scattering at fractal sea surface

Based on the 2D band-limited Weierstrass function, the model of the rough sea surface is developed, and the effects of the fractal dimension, the frequency and amplitude factor are discussed. Considering the simulated fractal surface, the analytic expression of scattering coefficient is deduced based on Helmholtz integral and Kirchhoff approximation. The shadow function is used to amend the scattering coefficient at low grazing angle when microwaves are shaded by the rough sea surface. The effects of the fractal dimension, the frequency and amplitude factor and the incidence angle on the electromagnetic scattering are discussed. The peaks of scattering coefficient are more uniformly distributed with the increasing of the fractal dimension or the frequency and amplitude factor. The back sca