Background Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) diagnostics demand ultra-high temporal resolution to accurately capture critical physical processes. However, the performance of conventional diagnostic devices is often limited by their inherent time-resolution capabilities.
Purpose This study aims to improve the temporal resolution of ICF diagnostic systems by researching electron pulse time-dilation technology and its practical applications in X-ray detection.
Methods We developed a time-dilation X-ray framing camera and a time-dilation X-ray diode system. The technology manipulates the velocity dispersion of photoelectrons to stretch (magnify) the time width of input optical signals, allowing conventional devices to sample ultra-fast events with enhanced precision. Both short and long magnetic lens imaging techniques were employed to optimize spatial resolution.
Results The time-dilation technology significantly enhanced system performance. For the framing camera, temporal resolution was improved from 80 ps to 5 ps. Using short magnetic lenses, the camera achieved a spatial resolution better than 10 lp/mm over a 53 mm diameter; this was further enhanced to 20 lp/mm using long magnetic lenses. For the X-ray diode system, temporal resolution was improved from 261 ps to 19 ps.
Conclusions Electron pulse time-dilation technology is a highly effective method for enhancing the temporal resolution of ICF diagnostic instruments, providing robust support for the accurate diagnosis of rapid physical phenomena in fusion experiments.
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