Abstract:  It is a new path to achieve hyperspectral imaging of objective area by employing the wavelength selectivity of thick volume Bragg gratings(VBGs). Based on the rigorous coupled wave theory, grating structures were optimally designed, fabricating craft were explored, the imaging system was constructed and the imaging ability of the VBG was verified. The results showed that: to obtain narrow filtered bandpass, we should improve the ratio of grating thickness and period, as well as strictly control the divergence angle of incident beam. For the beam quality of writing laser beams, vibration and polarization will all have large effect on the grating's fringe homogeneity, it is necessary to optimize the writing process by adopting vibration-proof measures, optimizing writing light to uniform beam and tuning polarization directions parallel of both writing light beams to promote grating's diffraction efficiency and quality. The two-dimensional spatial imaging ability of VBG were validated. Under transmission incidence of wide spectral light source, the filtered bandpass was about 5 nm and spatial resolution was about 4 lines/mm; under diffuse reflection incidence, spatial resolution was about 4.9 lines/mm by adopting grating pair to compensate the dispersion.