Abstract: The experimental equipment used for synthesizing nanopowders via the electrical explosion of wire was designed and built based on the high-voltage breakdown method. Equipped with current and voltage measuring system, the equipment could conveniently prepare nanoparticles and record the current and voltage of the electric explosion process in real time. Electrical explosion experiments were carried out on zirconium wires, and the deposition energy of Zr wire in the process of electric explosion and the change of the state were analyzed. The influence of charging voltage on deposition energy and nanoparticles properties was studied. Component analysis of the produced nanoparticles was completed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy spectrometer (EDS). The particle morphology of the nanopowders was observed by the transmission electron microscope (TEM).The particle size and distribution of the nanoparticles were obtained based on the statistics and observation of TEM images. The results show that the increase of voltage increased the deposition energy and shortened the evaporation time of zirconium wire. Higher charging voltage could significantly reduce nanopowder particle size distribution, and get a smaller average diameter of particles. The products of Zirconium wire electrical explosion were ZrO₂ nanoparticles, based on the structures of the monoclinic crystal(m-ZrO₂) and the cubic crystal (c-ZrO₂), and the particles were perfectly spherical, smooth and clear, and the particle size distribution of nanoparticles was concentrated between 10 and 40 nm.