Abstract: As a strategic material for lightweight design, aluminum alloys occupy an important position in the fields of marine equipment, aerospace, and transportation due to their low specific gravity, corrosion resistance, and good low-temperature properties. It is worth noting that surface wettability, as a key interface parameter for the functionalization of aluminum alloys, directly affects their engineering service performance. In recent years, surface wettability control technology based on laser texturing has broken through the limitations of traditional chemical modification and provided new ideas for the functionalization of aluminum alloy surfaces. This article systematically explains the basic theoretical system of wettability, including the Young model, the Wenzel model, and the Cassie-Baxter model, and analyzes the differences in the application of ultrashort pulse lasers and long pulse laser systems in the construction of biomimetic functionalization of aluminum alloy surfaces. Among them, ultrashort pulse lasers (femtosecond/picosecond) can achieve submicron-level precision texturing due to their extremely short pulse width and ultra-high peak power, while long pulse lasers have advantages in large-area processing efficiency. Research has shown that these functionalized surfaces exhibit significant advantages in areas such as surface self-cleaning, low-temperature anti-icing, Cl⁻ corrosion resistance, efficient boiling heat transfer, bonding, and microfluidics. However, their practical application is still limited by key technical bottlenecks such as wetting stability degradation and insufficient environmental tolerance.