With the advancement of electronic reconnaissance, communication, and radar technologies, direction-finding systems are facing increasingly higher demands for high precision, wide frequency coverage, large dynamic range, and real-time performance.

To address these developmental needs of direction-finding systems, this paper aims to design an ultra-wideband array direction-finding system. The objectives include achieving key specifications such as a frequency range of 20 MHz to 40 GHz, a maximum instantaneous bandwidth of 1 GHz, and a direction-finding accuracy better than 5 degrees across the entire frequency band, thereby adapting to wide-range usage scenarios in communication, radar, and other fields.

The ultra-wideband array direction-finding system employs a spatial spectrum direction-finding mechanism. This is realized through the detailed design and implementation of hardware components, including a multi-channel direction-finding receiver and a multi-layer antenna array, along with the software implementation based on spatial spectrum direction-finding algorithms.

The designed ultra-wideband array direction-finding system achieves an ultra-wide frequency range of 20 MHz to 40 GHz, supports direction-finding tasks with a maximum instantaneous bandwidth of 1 GHz, delivers a direction-finding accuracy better than 3 degrees across the entire band, and possesses the capability to handle three or more same-frequency signals simultaneously.

The ultra-wideband array direction-finding system significantly enhances core performance parameters such as frequency range, instantaneous bandwidth, and direction-finding accuracy. Systems with similar architectures have been successfully deployed in multiple large-scale projects, demonstrating their feasibility and scalability through practical applications.