Abstract: Ultra-short and ultra-intense mid-infrared laser pulses hold unique application in fields such as strong-field physics, ultrafast chemistry, environmental monitoring, and biomedicine biomedical applications. Particularly in strong-field physics research, ultra-short and ultra-intense mid-infrared pulses provide a new wavelength scale distinct from the conventional near-infrared range, enabling the exploration of novel physics in the interaction between ultra-intense lasers and matter. However, due to the damage thresholds of traditional laser crystals and nonlinear crystals, the generation of high-energy, single-cycle mid-infrared light sources has long been a significant challenge in ultrafast laser technology. In recent years, utilizing plasma as a nonlinear optical medium, the generation of ultra-short and ultra-intense mid-infrared pulses through photon deceleration process based on laser wakes has emerged as a new research direction in laser-plasma physics. This paper systematically reviews the fundamental principles, numerical simulations, experimental progress, and future application prospects surrounding this physical mechanism of plasma photon deceleration.