Abstract: The equation of state (EOS) is fundamental to describing the thermodynamic response of materials under extreme conditions and is of great importance in inertial confinement fusion, high-energy-density physics, planetary interior science, and shock dynamics. Owing to their high power density, short pulse duration, and strong loading capability, large laser facilities have become essential platforms for obtaining ultrahigh-pressure EOS data. The development of laser-driven EOS experiments has progressed from high-precision shock Hugoniot measurements to the control of complex initial states, the design of low-entropy compression paths, and the exploration of a broader thermodynamic regime. Early studies focused primarily on shock Hugoniot measurements at high pressure and systematically addressed key technical issues, including laser beam smoothing, shock planarity and stable propagation, suppression of X-ray preheating, impedance-matching target design, the use of standard materials, and uncertainty analysis, thereby establishing the foundational capability for high-precision EOS experiments on large laser facilities. On this basis, recent efforts have further expanded to samples with complex initial states, such as metal powders and cryogenic liquid deuterium, and have developed miniature target fabrication techniques and precise initial-state characterization methods suitable for laser-driven conditions. Meanwhile, supported by high-quality loading and precise velocity diagnostics, new experimental approaches, including quasi-isentropic compression and combined static–dynamic loading, have been realized, promoting EOS studies on laser platforms from single-shock paths to wide-range, multi-path coordinated measurements. This paper reviews the main development trajectory of high-pressure EOS experimental techniques on large laser facilities, from the establishment of fundamental capabilities for shock Hugoniot measurements to advances in initial-state control, quasi-isentropic compression, and combined static–dynamic loading. The key experimental issues at different stages and their intrinsic connections are analyzed, and future directions for large laser facilities in wide-range EOS and dynamic property studies are discussed.