一种MV级峰化电容一体化电容分压器的研制

李奇胜; 李俊娜; 李楚男; 王永亮; 龚渝涵; 刘建

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202436.230218

一种MV级峰化电容一体化电容分压器的研制

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202436.230218

西安交通大学电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室，西安 710049

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(52177157)

详细信息

作者简介:
李奇胜，3121304202@stu.xjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李俊娜，uvlina@126.com。

中图分类号: TM83
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-14
- 修回日期: 2024-05-29
- 录用日期: 2024-05-29
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-04
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-16

Development of a MV level peaking capacitor integrated capacitor voltage divider

State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation of Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

摘要

摘要: 峰化电容器由于结构紧凑一般采用间接测量其承受的电压，而峰化电容电压的直接测量一直是难以解决的问题。为了解决该问题，以峰化电容器为基础，研制了一种新型结构的电阻补偿式自积分型峰化电容一体化电容分压器。其次，根据分压器的新型结构分析了峰化电容一体化电容分压器的理论分压比，给出了理论分压比计算公式，分析了影响低频响应的因素并进行了电路仿真验证。同时，开展了方波标定实验，得到了两个探头的分压比及响应时间，且探头响应时间均小于6.2 ns。此外，为了得到更准确的分压比并验证正常工作状态下该一体化电容分压器分压比的稳定性，进行了高压在线标定实验，得到了1#探头分压比为11071，2#探头分压比为15148。且在更高电压等级下，该电容分压器探头的测量相对误差较小，分压比稳定性良好。
- 峰化电容器 /
- 电阻补偿 /
- 电容分压器 /
- 分压比 /
- 高压脉冲
Abstract: Peaking capacitors, due to their compact structure, generally use indirect measurement of the voltage they bear, and direct measurement of their voltage has always been a difficult problem to solve. To solve this problem, we developed a new type of resistance compensation type self-integrating peak capacitor integrated capacitor voltage divider based on peaking capacitors. Secondly, based on the new structure of the voltage divider, the theoretical voltage ratio of the peak capacitance integrated capacitor voltage divider was analyzed. The calculation formula for the theoretical voltage ratio and the analysis of factors affecting low-frequency response were provided, and circuit simulation verification was carried out. At the same time, square wave calibration experiments were conducted, and the partial pressure ratio and response time of the two probes were obtained, and the response time of the probes was less than 6.2 ns. In addition, to obtain a more accurate voltage ratio and verify the stability of the voltage ratio of the integrated capacitor voltage divider under normal working conditions, high-voltage online calibration experiments were conducted, and the voltage ratio of probe 1 was 11071 and probe 2 was 15148. Moreover, at higher voltage levels, the relative measurement error of the capacitive voltage divider probe is relatively small, and the voltage divider ratio has good stability.
- peaking capacitor /
- resistance compensation /
- capacitive voltage divider /
- division ratio /
- high voltage pulse

HTML全文

图 1 峰化电容一体化电容分压器结构图

Figure 1. Structure diagram of peaking capacitor integrated capacitor voltage divider

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图 2 电容分压器理论电容分布分析图

Figure 2. Theoretical capacitance distribution analysis diagram of capacitive voltage divider

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图 3 电容分压器理论分压比电路图

Figure 3. Circuit diagram of theoretical voltage division ratio simulation of capacitive voltage divider

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图 4 两电压探头仿真方波响应波形图

Figure 4. Simulated square wave response waveform of two voltage probes

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图 5 方波标定系统示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of square wave calibration system

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图 6 两电压探头的方波响应输出波形

Figure 6. Output waveform of square wave response

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图 7 实验平台示意图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the experimental platform

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图 8 高压在线标定的典型波形图

Figure 8. Typical waveforms of high voltage online calibration

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图 9 不同电压等级下探头的分压比

Figure 9. Voltage division ratio of the probes at different voltage levels

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图 10 峰化电容器沿面电场分布图

Figure 10. Simulated electric field distribution of peaking capacitor

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图 11 小气隙局部放电示意图

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of small air gap partial discharge

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图 12 考虑等离子体影响前后的各层结构电容分布

Figure 12. Capacitance distribution of each layer structure before and after considering the influence of plasma

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图 13 标定实验平台示意图

Figure 13. Schematic diagram of calibration experimental platform

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表 1 低压臂电容及补偿电阻实测值

Table 1. Measured value of low voltage arm capacitance and compensation resistor

probe number	compensation resistance/kΩ	low voltage arm capacitance/nF	R₁C₂/μs
1#	2.395	3.343	8.2
2#	2.412	4.846	11.7

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表 2 电压探头对不同脉宽信号的响应仿真结果

Table 2. Simulation results of voltage probe response to different pulse width signals

pulse width τ	R₁C₂/τ	flat top descent/%	R₁C₂/τ	flat top descent/%
pulse width τ	1#		2#
100	82.0	1.0	117.0	0.8
500	16.4	5.1	23.4	3.7
1000	8.2	10.0	11.7	6.6

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表 3 两探头的响应时间与分压比

Table 3. Response time and division ratio of two probes

probe number	source signal leading time/ns	measuring signal leading time/ns	response time/ns	voltage division ratio
1#	12.00	12.80	4.45	13444
2#	11.52	13.12	6.28	17314

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表 4 更高等级峰化电容耐受电压测量结果

Table 4. Response time and division ratio of two probes

Marx main circuit charging voltage/kV	peak capacitance voltage measured by 1# probe/kV	peak capacitance voltage measured by 2# probe/kV	2# probe actual measurement signal/V	2# probe voltage division ratio	2# probe average voltage division ratio
30	496.42	495.25	32.69	15185	15283
35	583.03	579.42	38.25	15242	15283
40	671.22	666.02	43.97	15265	15283
45	779.68	779.02	51.23	15219	15283
48	825.21	806.31	53.23	15502	15283

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