Breakdown characteristics of pre-ionization trigger gap in different gases under bipolarity pulse
-
摘要: 针对自触发预电离开关在不同电压等级下应用不同气体介质的需要,以及在双边驱动电磁脉冲模拟器中加载正负极性脉冲的需求,研究了预电离间隙在N2、N2/SF6混合气和SF6中正负极性下的击穿特性。研究了不同介质中间隙的击穿电压和时延随气压的变化规律,对比了正负极性下的间隙击穿特性。研究结果表明,在本文实验条件下,预电离间隙在N2中的击穿过程相对更为稳定,且N2中击穿电压随气压变化线性度最佳。相比N2和混合气,间隙击穿电压仅在SF6中随气压增大呈现饱和趋势。在一定气压范围内,N2在负极性下的击穿电压略高于正极性,混合气和SF6中负极性下的击穿电压明显高于正极性,间隙的击穿过程具有一定的极性效应。相比混合气和N2,间隙在SF6中的正负极性击穿电压绝对差值和击穿时延绝对差值都相对较高,为减小双边自触发预电离开关的同步时延差,应首选N2为预电离间隙的绝缘介质。在工程应用中需考虑极性效应和不同气体介质对预电离间隙击穿特性的影响。Abstract: The breakdown characteristics of trigger gap for the pre-ionization switch in N2, the mixture of N2 and SF6 and SF6 atmosphere under positive and negative pulse were investigated for the higher voltage grade and bipolarity application. The relationships between the breakdown voltage and delay time of the pre-ionization gap and the pressure of different kinds of gases were obtained, and the breakdown characteristics were compared for the pre-ionization gap under positive and negative polarities. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the breakdown process of the gap in N2 was more stable, and the linearity of breakdown voltage varying with pressure in N2 was the best among the three kinds of gases. The breakdown voltage was saturated only in SF6 with the increase of gas pressure. The breakdown voltage of the gap under negative polarity was higher than that under the positive at some certain values of the pressure, and this phenomenon might suggest that there was a polarity effect upon the breakdown process of pre-ionization gap. Compared with the mixture and N2, the absolute differences between negative and positive polarity for both breakdown voltage and delay time in SF6 were relatively higher. N2 should be preferred as the insulating medium for the pre-ionization gap to reduce the synchronization delay difference of the bipolar self-triggered switches. The polarity effect of the pre-ionization gap and the distinctions among the different kinds of insulated gas medium should be paid more attention in engineering applications for the pre-ionization gap.
-
Key words:
- pre-ionization gap /
- breakdown characteristics /
- polarity effect /
- insulated gas medium /
- mixture of gas
-
表 1 不同气体中击穿电压分散性和击穿时延抖动
Table 1. Variance percentage of breakdown voltage and jitter of delay time for different gas
polarity variance percentage/%(MPa) jitter/ns(MPa) N2 N2/SF6(1∶1) SF6 N2 N2/SF6(1∶1) SF6 positive 0.5(0.6)~4.9(0.1) 6.0(0.2)~10.1(0.25) 2.3(0.1)~7.3(0.15) 0.9(0.6)~4.2(0.1) 5.6(0.15)~9.3(0.25) 2.0(0.1)~6.3(0.05) negative 0.8(0.6)~3.3(0.2) 3.4(0.3)~9.1(0.1) 1.8(0.075)~7.0(0.05) 1.4(0.6)~3.3(0.2) 3.8(0.15)~7.7(0.1) 2.3(0.075)~6.6(0.05) -
[1] Bailey V, Carboni V, Eichenberger C, et al. A 6-MV pulser to drive horizontally polarized EMP simulators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2010, 38(10): 2554-2558. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2010.2065245 [2] Larsson A. Gas-discharge closing switches and their time jitter[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2012, 40(10): 2431-2442. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2012.2185815 [3] Naff J T. Spark gaps for EMP and SREMP pulsers[C]//Proceedings of 2009 Pulsed Power Conference. 2009: 322-331. [4] Guo Fan, He Shi, Jia Wei, et al. Experimental study on breakdown time delay of hundreds of nanoseconds pulse under different du/dt for mm gaps[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2019, 47(10): 4579-4583. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2019.2922822 [5] 李俊娜, 薛斌杰, 贾伟, 等. 3MV自耦式紫外预电离开关的设计[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2009, 21(8):1255-1258Li Junna, Xue Binjie, Jia Wei, et al. Design of 3 MV UV illumination switch[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2009, 21(8): 1255-1258 [6] Wang Tianchi, Wang Haiyang, Huang Tao, et al. Investigation on breakdown characteristics of a pulsed gas switch and influence of pre-ionization[C]//Proceedings of 2020 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application. 2020: 1-4. [7] 李俊娜, 汤俊萍, 陈维青, 等. 利用光纤诊断紫外预电离开关的导通特性[J]. 高压电器, 2010, 46(2):83-85,90Li Junna, Tang Junping, Chen Weiqing, et al. Diagnosis of discharge characteristics of UV illumination switch using fiber sensor[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2010, 46(2): 83-85,90 [8] Li Junna, Jia Wei, Tang Junping, et al. A 3-MV low-jitter UV-illumination switch[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2013, 41(2): 360-364. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2012.2237418 [9] 王天驰, 陈伟, 杜应超, 等. 预电离开关触发间隙击穿时延特性[J]. 高电压技术, 2020, 46(6):1994-2003Wang Tianchi, Chen Wei, Du Yingchao, et al. Breakdown time delay property of trigger gap in pre-ionization gas switch[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2020, 46(6): 1994-2003 [10] 王天驰, 王海洋, 黄涛, 等. 自触发紫外预电离开关脉冲击穿时延抖动影响因素及改进方法[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2022, 34:075010 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202234.210459Wang Tianchi, Wang Haiyang, Huang Tao, et al. Influence factors of the pulsed breakdown time delay jitter of a self-triggered UV-illuminated switch and an improvement method[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2022, 34: 075010 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202234.210459 [11] Morales K, Krile J, Neuber A, et al. Dielectric surface flashover at atmospheric conditions with unipolar pulsed voltage excitation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2007, 14(4): 774-782. [12] 李兴文, 赵虎. SF6替代气体的研究进展综述[J]. 高电压技术, 2016, 42(6):1695-1701Li Xingwen, Zhao Hu. Review of research progress in SF6 substitute gases[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016, 42(6): 1695-1701 [13] 吴经锋, 张璐, 仲鹏峰, 等. SF6绝缘电流互感器SF6/N2混合气体替代技术研究[J]. 高压电器, 2018, 54(5):223-229Wu Jingfeng, Zhang Lu, Zhong Pengfeng, et al. Research of SF6/N2 mixture substitution technology for SF6 insulated current transformer[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2018, 54(5): 223-229 [14] 陈庆国, 肖登明, 邱毓昌. SF6/N2混合气体的放电特性[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2001, 35(4):338-342Chen Qingguo, Xiao Dengming, Qiu Yuchang. Discharge characteristics of SF6/N2 gas mixtures[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2001, 35(4): 338-342 [15] 王虎, 常家森, 陶风波, 等. 脉冲气体开关用SF6混合气体放电特性的研究[J]. 高压电器, 2011, 47(1):49-52,57Wang Hu, Chang Jiasen, Tao Fengbo, et al. Investigation on discharge characteristics of SF6 gas mixtures used in Pulsed gas spark switch[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2011, 47(1): 49-52,57 [16] 毛光辉, 高理迎, 张民, 等. SF6/N2混合气体雷电冲击放电特性及协同效应研究[J]. 高电压技术, 2022, 48(2):674-680 doi: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20200179Mao Guanghui, Gao Liying, Zhang Min, et al. Analysis on discharge characteristics and synergistic effect of SF6/N2 mixed gas under lightning impulse[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2022, 48(2): 674-680 doi: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20200179 -