Simulation and optimization of novel movable TEM horn radiating-wave simulator
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摘要: 为改善基于TEM喇叭的辐射波模拟器的低频辐射特性从而展宽其辐射近场半高宽，首次提出了在指数型TEM喇叭上/下两个极板的端口加上2个金属直板、并通过倾斜金属板和并联电阻相连的新型可移动模拟器的设计方案。基于FDTD方法模拟分析了该新型模拟器的特性参数对其近场辐射性能的影响，并给出了优化后的模拟器及其阵列的辐射特性。计算结果表明：尺寸为6 m×6 m×6.24 m的优化后的新型模拟器在距离口面3 m的中心位置的辐射近场脉宽能达到18.95 ns，而达到相同低频辐射性能的常规模拟器尺寸为9 m×12 m×6.8 m。且与常规模拟器相比，优化后的模拟器的场峰值更大。与前人的研究相比，优化后的模拟器场在保持高峰值的同时，时域波形后延震荡的幅度与主峰的比值明显减小。优化后的模拟器2×2阵列模型的测试平面中心点场峰值最大，且在测试平面上满足6 dB均匀性要求的有效测试区最大；有效测试区在横向上范围最大的是2×2阵列模型，其次是2×1阵列模型；在纵向上范围最大的是2×2阵列模型及1×2阵列模型。Abstract: To improve the low frequency radiation characteristics of the radiating-wave simulator based on transverse electromagnetic (TEM) horn, a novel movable simulator made up of exponential-type TEM horn, two vertical perfect electric conductor (PEC) plates at its aperture, two sloping PEC plates and parallel resistance is designed firstly. The effect of different exponential tapered rates, the height of the two vertical PEC plates, the width of the source port and the parallel resistance at the end of the two sloping PEC plates to the near-field radiation performance of the novel simulator is simulated and optimized by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The radiation characteristics of the optimized novel simulator and its arrays is also given. The calculation results show that, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the electric field at the testing point which is 3 m away from the optimized novel simulator’s aperture center reaches 18.95 ns, and the optimized novel simulator’s sizes are 6 m×6 m×6.24 m while those of the normal simulator must be 9 m×12 m×6.8 m to get the same low-frequency radiation performance as that of the optimized novel simulator. And higher peak-value of the electric field at the testing point of the optimized novel simulator can be got compared with the normal simulator. In addition, the ratio of the delayed oscillation’s amplitude of the electric field in time-domain at the testing point of the optimized novel simulator to its peak-value is significantly reduced compared with that of the previous studies, while the peak-value of the testing point of the optimized novel simulator keeps high. The electric field’s peak value at the center point in the testing plane of the optimized novel simulator’s 2×2 array model is the largest, and the effective region meeting the requirement of field 6dB uniformity on the testing plane of 2×2 array model has the largest domain; The effective region on the 2×2 array model’s testing plane has the largest horizontal range, followed by 2×1 array model; The effective regions on the testing planes of 2×2 array model and 1×2 array model have the largest vertical range.
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图 1 新型电磁脉冲模拟器的示意图
Figure 1. Novel electromagnetic pulse (EMP) radiating-wave simulator
图 2 新型模拟器两极板指数渐变率α不同时测点A电场z分量的时域波形
Figure 2. Comparison of EMP of Ez for point A with different α
图 3 新型模拟器口面平板高度da不同时测点A电场z分量时域波形对比
Figure 3. Comparison of EMP of Ez for point A with different da
图 4 馈电端口宽度不同时测点A电场z分量时域波形对比
Figure 4. Comparison of EMP of Ez for point A with different Ws
图 5 并联电阻R不同时测点A电场z分量时域波形对比
Figure 5. Comparison of EMP of Ez for point A varied with different R
图 6 优化后的新型模拟器与其他模拟器测点A电场z分量时域波形对比
Figure 6. Comparison of EMP of Ez for point A of optimized novel simulator with other simulators
图 7 1×2阵列的侧视图
Figure 7. Side view of 1×2 array of the novel EMP radiating-wave simulator
图 8 单个新型模拟器及其阵列的测试平面示意图
Figure 8. Testing planes for single novel simulator and arrays
图 9 测试平面上场归一化峰值分布的两个对比图
Figure 9. Comparison of distribution of normalized electric fields
图 10 2×2 阵列测试平面上的场归一化峰值分布与其他模型的对比
Figure 10. Comparison of normalized electric fields’ distribution of 2×2 array and those of other models
表 1 指数渐变率α不同时测点A的时域场的峰值、半高宽和上升沿
Table 1. Peak-value, rise-time and FWHM of Ez at point A with different α
configuration peak-value/(kV·m−1) rise-time/ns FWHM/ns normal TEM 166.67 1.62 6.04 Ref.[15] 168.61 1.64 9.65 novel simulator α=5 202.60 2.08 16.83 α=10 212.04 2.29 15.51 α=15 215.90 2.29 14.81 α=20 218.22 2.28 14.29 
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表 2 新型模拟器开口处加载金属板的高度da不同时测点A的时域场的峰值、半高宽和上升沿
Table 2. Peak-value, rise-time and FWHM of Ez at point A with different da
da /m peak-value/(kV·m−1) rise-time/ns FWHM/ns 0 212.32 2.10 11.35 0.5 215.78 2.29 13.78 0.75 215.90 2.29 14.81 1.05 215.74 2.30 15.95 1.5 215.51 2.30 17.55 2.0 215.34 2.28 19.35
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表 3 优化后的新型模拟器与其他基于TEM喇叭的模拟器测点A的时域场的峰值、半高宽和上升沿的对比
Table 3. Peak-value, rise-time and FWHM of Ez at A point of optimized novel simulator with other simulators
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