A review of multi-field coupled in-situ stretching neutron diffraction experimental devices
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摘要: 极端环境服役材料的研发一直是航空航天等国家战略发展的“瓶颈”，不同环境因素会影响材料的性能。中子由于其强穿透性、轻元素敏感等特点，可与同步辐射技术互为补充，运用原位装置还原材料在真实工况条件下的受力变形过程，并利用中子探针原位观察材料在服役条件下晶格应变、织构、相变和残余应力的演化。多个国家的中子谱仪均配备了不同的原位拉伸装置，实现在不同的加载环境下对样品进行原位应力加载，对样品材料的微观结构进行测试分析，能够解决材料工程领域的重要科学机理问题，进而推动材料的发展应用。介绍了国内外不同中子源谱仪原位拉伸装置的情况，重点阐述了应用于中子衍射技术的多场耦合原位拉伸装置的设计原理与结构特点，凸显了工程材料研究的发展方向。Abstract: The research and development of materials for extreme environmental service has always been a bottleneck in development of national strategies such as aerospace, and different environmental factors can affect the performance of materials. Neutrons, due to their strong penetrability and sensitivity to light elements, can complement synchrotron radiation technology. In-situ devices are used to reduce the deformation process of materials under real working conditions, and neutron probes are used to observe the evolution of lattice strain, texture, phase transition, and residual stress of materials under service conditions. Neutron spectrometers from multiple countries are equipped with different in-situ tensile devices, which enable in-situ stress loading of samples in different loading environments, testing and analyzing the microstructure of sample materials. This can solve important scientific mechanism problems in the field of materials engineering and promote the development and application of materials. This article introduces the situation of in-situ stretching devices for different neutron source spectrometers at home and abroad, focusing on the design principles and structural characteristics of multi field coupling in-situ stretching devices used in neutron diffraction technology, and highlighting the development direction of engineering materials research.
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Key words:
- neutron diffraction /
- neutron source /
- multi-field coupling /
- in-situ stretching /
- spectrometer
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图 1 拉伸装置中子原位实验的设计原理图
Figure 1. Design principle diagram of neutron in-situ experiment in stretching device
图 2 Vulcan卧式拉伸装置常温原位实验原理图
Figure 2. Principle diagram of in-situ experiment at room temperature using horizontal stretching device of Vulcan
图 3 锂电池原位中子衍射测量的原理图
Figure 3. Principle diagram of in-situ neutron diffraction measurement for lithium batteries
图 5 欧拉环加载原位中子衍射测量的原理图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of in-situ neutron diffraction measurement for loading with O-ring
图 6 磁场耦合拉伸实验测量的原理示意图
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of the principle of magnetic field coupling stretching experiment measurement
图 7 SMARTS的低温耦合拉伸装置原位中子衍射测量的原理图
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of in-situ neutron diffraction measurement using low-temperature coupled stretching device of SMARTS
图 8 小角谱仪低温耦合拉伸装置原位中子衍射测量的原理图
Figure 8. Principle diagram of in-situ neutron diffraction measurement using low-temperature coupled stretching device of SANS
图 9 Vulcan高温耦合拉伸装置原位中子衍射测量的原理图
Figure 9. Principle diagram of in-situ neutron diffraction measurement using high-temperature coupled stretching device of Vulcan
图 10 磁场耦合原位拉伸装置及其实验原理图
Figure 10. Diagram of magnetic field coupling in-situ stretching device and its experimental analysis
表 1 不同加热方式的优缺点
Table 1. Advantages and disadvantages of different heating methods
heating method advantage disadvantage heating element you can choose different models based on
different temperature rangeslow heating efficiency thermal
induction coilthe heating efficiency is over 80%, and it can be heated to extremely high temperatures with minimal impact on the surrounding temperature there is a temperature gradient change around it DC heating DC current has a fast heating speed and can heat up to extremely high temperatures, with little impact on the surrounding temperature poor heating effect on samples with good conductivity halogen lamp the heating speed is fast and can reach extremely high temperatures, with little impact on the surrounding temperature halogen lamps need to be placed around the sample, which
may require gas protection such as vacuumlaser the heating speed is fast and can reach extremely high temperatures, with little impact on the surrounding temperature point light source heating with temperature gradient 
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表 2 部分拉伸装置的对比表
Table 2. Comparison of partial stretching devices
subordinate
deviceneutron
instrumentloading
structuremaximum
loadsample
environmentloading
methodAmerican Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Vulcan horizontal uniaxial biaxial stretching 1 100 kN normal atmospheric temperature stretching or compressing horizontal uniaxial biaxial stretching 2 100 kN
400 N·melectrochemistry tension compression, fatigue, creep, and torsion Spallation Neutron Source, UK (ISIS) Engin-X vertical uniaxial uniaxial tension 50 kN normal atmospheric temperature tension, compression, fatigue Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA(LANSCE) SMARTS uniaxial biaxial stretching 250 kN low temperature pull and press Japan High Current Proton Accelerator Facility
(J-PARC)TAKUMI horizontal uniaxial
uniaxial tension50 kN low temperature, high temperature pull and press China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Research Reactor (CMRR) RSND horizontal uniaxial
uniaxial tension2.5 kN low temperature pull and press China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) CSNS vertical or horizontal 50 kN high temperature, low temperature, magnetic field tension, compression, fatigue
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