Design of cavity power combiner with rotatable online decoupling system
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摘要: 为方便粒子加速器用固态功率源设备在线更换维护，需要功率合成器具备在线可解耦的功能。腔式合成器由于其较高的功率容量成为功率合成的优选方案，但目前并未实现输入耦合度在线可调。为此，设计了一种带有可旋转解耦系统的650 MHz八合一腔式功率合成器。将非接触开路式扼流槽设置在射频输入端口，耦合环与腔体分离，实现磁耦合环可在线旋转调节，根据固态功率源工作状态来在线调节输入耦合度，以此来满足热插拔及调整合成效率的目的。仿真结果表明该合成器单级合成效率高，功率损耗小，且各输入端到输出端的幅度传输具有很好的一致性，最大偏差在0.25 dB以内。通过在线调节耦合度实现输入端口射频隔离，从而实现功放模块在线热插拔更换，极大的改善了功放模块的在线可维护性及灵活性。Abstract: To facilitate online replacement and maintenance of solid-state power sources in particle accelerators, a cavity power combiner with online decoupling capability is required. While cavity combiners offer high power capacity, adjustable input coupling has not been achievable online. Therefore, we designed a 650 MHz eight-in-one cavity power combiner with a rotatable decoupling system. By integrating non-contact open-circuit slits at the RF input port and separating the coupling loop from the cavity, we enabled online rotation adjustment of the magnetic coupling loop. This adjustment allows real-time tuning of input coupling according to the operational status of solid-state power sources, facilitating hot-swapping and efficiency optimization. Simulation results demonstrate high synthesis efficiency and minimal power loss, with excellent amplitude consistency between input and output ports (deviations within 0.25 dB). The ability to adjust coupling online enhances RF isolation at input ports, enabling seamless hot-swappable replacement of power amplifier modules and significantly improving maintainability and flexibility.
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Key words:
- solid-state power source /
- cavity power combiner /
- hot-swappable /
- rotatable decoupling /
- power capacity
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图 2 输入耦合度
$ \;{ \beta }_{i} $ 与合成效率的关系Figure 2. The relationship between input coupling coefficient
$ \;{ \beta }_{i} $ and combining efficiency
图 5 带输入解耦的矩形腔式功率合成器电气模型
Figure 5. Electrical model of a rectangular cavity power combiner with input decoupling
图 7 输出和输入耦合器耦合度度分别随输出内馈插入腔体内部的深度d2和d1的变化
Figure 7. The coupling coefficient of the output and input coupler changes with the depth of the infeed inserted into the cavity
图 9 矩形腔式功率合成器内电场分布
Figure 9. Electric field distribution within a rectangular cavity power combiner
图 10 各端口到输出端口的信号幅度传输
Figure 10. Signal amplitude transmission from each port to the output
图 11 各端口到输出端口的信号相位传输
Figure 11. Signal phase transmission from each port to the output
图 13 单端口失效时输入端口至输出端口的传输参数
Figure 13. Transmission coefficients for N-channel combiner with one port failure
图 15 功率合成器输入旋转结构设计
Figure 15. Design of the rotating structure for the power combiner input
表 1 设计的腔式功率合成器等效电路参数及品质因数
Table 1. Equivalent circuit parameters and quality factor of designed cavity power combiner
$ {R}_{i\_1}'\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right) $ $ {R}_{i\_2}'\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right) $ $ {R}_{i\_3}'\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right) $ $ {R}_{i\_4}'\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right) $ $ {R}_{i\_5}'\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right) $ $ {R}_{i\_6}'\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right) $ $ {R}_{i\_7}'\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right) $ $ {R}_{i\_8}'\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right) $ $ {R}_{0}'\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right) $ $ {R}_{c}\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right) $ Q 484.79 480.72 474.02 472.1 472 474.02 480.7 484.8 59 5332.73 22793.9 
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