Effect of plasma on transmission characteristics of high-frequency microwave
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摘要: 研究高频微波在等离子体中的传输特性能有效地分析评估在微波通信和雷达技术中信息的传递过程。通过使用数值仿真的方法分析了等离子体电子密度、厚度及入射波频率对微波反射、吸收和透射的影响。结果显示，等离子体厚度和电子密度增加会导致吸收增强、透射减弱；且反射会随厚度降低和电子密度升高而微弱升高；高频微波更易于穿透等离子体，透射随频率提高而增强。此外，研究结果表明电子密度不仅能影响能量的传输，还会影响电磁波波形，使其展宽。高密度等离子体会明显导致微波波形时空上延展增宽，非弹性碰撞使得增宽现象明显。波形的改变规律能对雷达回波和微波通信所携带信息的复原工作提供一定的理论支撑。Abstract: Studying the transmission characteristics of high-frequency microwaves in plasma can effectively analyze and assess the information transfer process in microwave communication and radar technology. Numerical simulations were employed to analyze the effects of plasma electron density, thickness, and incident wave frequency on microwave reflection, absorption, and transmission. The results indicate that increased plasma thickness and electron density lead to enhanced absorption and reduced transmission; reflection increases slightly with decreased thickness and increased electron density. High-frequency microwaves are more easily transmitted through plasma, with transmission enhancing as frequency increases. Furthermore, the research shows that electron density not only affects energy transmission but also alters the electromagnetic wave shape, causing it to broaden. High-density plasma significantly broaden microwave waveforms both spatially and temporally, with inelastic collisions contributing prominently to this broadening. The patterns of waveform changes can provide theoretical support for the restoration of information carried by radar echoes and microwave communications.
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图 2 无等离子体时电场强度的空间分布
Figure 2. Spatial distribution of electric field intensity in the absence of plasma
图 3 不同电子密度时反射、透射和吸收
Figure 3. Reflection, transmission and absorption at different electron densities
图 4 反射率、透射率、吸收率与入射波频率的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between reflectivity, transmissivity, absorptivity and incident wave frequency
图 5 不同条件下的入射和透射电场强度分布
Figure 5. Distribution of incident and transmitted electric field intensity under different conditions
(a), (b) and (c) correspond to electron densities of 1019 m−3, 1020 m−3, and 1021 m−3, respectively. (d) Spatial distribution of electric field intensity.
表 1 不同等离子体厚度时反射、吸收、透射
Table 1. Reflection, absorption and transmission in different plasma thickness
plasma thickness/mm reflectivity/% absorptivity/% transmissivity/% 20 1.2 74.8 24.0 26 0.9 91.1 8.10 
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