A vacuum-sealed X-band repetitively pulsed high power microwave system
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摘要: 传统上通常采用外接真空泵组来获取和维持高功率微波系统的真空状态，但这会显著增加系统的体积和重量，限制其实际应用场景。为了实现高功率微波系统的轻小型化，提升其实用性，针对X波段重频高功率微波系统，设计研制了一种真空封装装置。在脉冲传输线-二极管界面以及微波天线喇叭口，采用了陶瓷-金属钎焊技术；在系统的其他接口处采用了刀口密封技术，实现了高功率微波产生、传输及发射腔体内部的真空封装。借鉴真空电子领域中的材料表面清洗、烘烤排气等真空获取手段，系统可以在非工作状态下维持10−7 Pa数量级的气压接近100 h。通过在二极管外筒和微波天线喇叭上安装非蒸散型吸气剂泵，可有效捕集系统加电工作时腔内释放的气体，实现动态真空维持。实验结果表明，该系统能够以10～30 Hz的重频稳定运行10 000炮次以上。Abstract: Traditionally, bulky external vacuum pumps are used to obtain and maintain vacuum state of the high power microwave system, which significantly increase the size and weight of the system, and limit its practical application. To achieve lightweight and miniaturization of the high power microwave system and improve its practicality, a vacuum-sealed device is designed for X-band repetitively pulsed high power microwave system. Ceramic-metal brazing technology is used at the interface between the pulse transmission line and diode, as well as between the horn mouth of the microwave antenna and the air, while knife-edge sealing technology is used at other interfaces of the system, thus to achieve vacuum packaging inside the high power microwave generation, transmission, and emission cavity. By using methods of vacuum acquisition in the field of vacuum electronics, such as material surface cleaning and baking, the system can maintain a pressure of the order of 10−7 Pa for nearly 100 h in non-operating conditions. The non-evaporable getter pumps are installed on the cylinder of the diode and the horn of the microwave antenna, which can effectively capture the gas released in the cavity when the system is powered up and maintain vacuum dynamically. The experimental results show that the system can run more than 10 000 shots stably at the pulse repetition frequency of 10−30 Hz.
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图 5 静态真空度和升压速率随时间变化曲线
Figure 5. Curve of static vacuum degree & rising rate of pressure variation over time
表 1 0.4 m3/s规格吸气剂泵的吸气特性
Table 1. Properties of 0.4 m3/s NEG pump
gas pumping speed/(m3·s−1) pumping amount/(Pa·m3) H2 0.4 266.644 CO 0.21 133.322 
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表 2 静态真空度随时间变化数据记录表
Table 2. Data recording table of static vacuum degree variation over time
No. duration after sealing off/h vacuum degree/Pa rising rate of pressure/(Pa·h−1) 0 0 2.0×10−7 1 3.05 3.3×10−7 4.26×10−8 2 4.18 3.5×10−7 1.76×10−8 3 6.00 3.8×10−7 1.65×10−8 4 15.13 5.1×10−7 1.42×10−8 5 18.00 5.5×10−7 1.40×10−8 6 21.00 5.8×10−7 1.00×10−8 7 25.00 6.3×10−7 1.25×10−8 8 39.88 7.4×10−7 7.39×10−9 9 50.50 8.0×10−7 5.65×10−9 10 64.05 8.7×10−7 5.17×10−9 11 88.12 9.7×10−7 4.16×10−9 12 98.75 9.9×10−7 1.88×10−9 13 122.85 1.0×10−6 4.15×10−10
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