Design of high power miniaturized stepped double semicircular waveguide mode-transducing antenna
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摘要: 在高功率微波辐射领域中，模式变换器加喇叭天线是实现旋转轴对称模定向辐射的常用技术，但模式变换器与喇叭天线的分离设计往往会使得天线轴向和口面尺寸较大。为了满足实际应用场景对天线小型化的需求，提出了一种模式控制与辐射一体化的阶梯型双半圆波导辐射天线。该天线由圆波导TM01模输入，通过插板将圆波导TM01模分成两路相位相反的半圆波导TE11模，之后再连接两个不对称的阶梯型半圆波导辐射器实现微波辐射。功分器采用了渐变圆波导进行匹配，同时采用大半径的内导体以提高功率容量。双半圆波导辐射器利用模式匹配法结合粒子群优化算法进行相位调节和模式控制。通过分区域的模式控制和辐射一体化设计，在辐射口面处达到更加均匀的同相电场分布，实现定向辐射，从而缩短了天线长度、降低了口面大小。优化设计了一个中心频率为2.85 GHz的天线模型，天线尺寸为1.18λ×1.18λ × 2.42λ。仿真结果表明：在2.75～2.96 GHz内天线回波损耗大于15 dB，在2.71～3 GHz内实际增益大于15.5 dBi，中心频点的实际增益为16.14 dBi，真空功率容量为906 MW。相比于传统的模式转换器加喇叭天线的技术路线，该天线具有高功率容量、小型化的特点。Abstract: In the field of high-power microwave radiation, mode converter and horn antenna are commonly used technologies to achieve rotational axisymmetric mode-directed radiation, but the separate design of mode converter and horn antenna often results in a large axial and aperture size of the antenna. To meet the demand for miniaturization of antennas in actual application scenarios, a stepped double semicircular waveguides radiation antenna with mode control and radiation integration is proposed. The antenna is fed with a circular waveguide TM01 mode and divided into two 180° phase difference semicircular waveguides by a plate. Then, two asymmetric stepped semicircular waveguide radiation elements are connected to achieve microwave radiation. The power divider uses a gradually tapered circular waveguide for matching, and a large inner conductor is used to improve power capacity. The dual semicircular waveguide radiation elements use the mode matching method combined with the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm for phase adjustment and mode control. By integrating mode control and radiation in a multi-region design, a more uniform co-phase electric field distribution is achieved at the radiation aperture, achieving directed radiation, thereby shortening the antenna length and reducing the aperture size. An antenna model with a center frequency of 2.85 GHz is optimized, with dimensions of 1.18λ×1.18λ×2.42λ. Simulation results show that the return loss of the antenna is greater than 15 dB in the 2.75−2.96 GHz band, the realized gain is greater than 15.5 dBi in the 2.71−3 GHz band, the realized gain at the center frequency is 16.14 dBi and the vacuum power capacity is 906 MW. Compared with the traditional mode converter and horn antenna technology route, the proposed antenna has the characteristics of high power capacity and miniaturization.
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图 11 某一时刻下天线的电场分布
Figure 11. Electric field distribution of the antenna at a given time
表 1 优化后参数
Table 1. Optimized parameters
(mm) r1 r2 r3 rm1 rm2 rm3 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 47.78 65.30 35.71 9.10 12.34 5.57 7.27 2.70 2.67 3.06 6.51 
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表 2 与分离设计技术路线的对比
Table 2. Comparison with separately designed technical routes
Ref. mode converter type
and antenna typemode converter
lengthhorn size combined size power capacity [11] coaxial conductor with inserted plate, horn 4.73λ 1.4λ×1.4λ×1.5λ 1.4λ×1.4λ×6.28λ not mentioned@4.05 GHz [12] 2 CirWG-to-4-orthometric-RecWGs, horn ＞4.75λ 1.4λ×1.4λ×1.5λ 1.4λ×1.4λ×(＞6.25λ) 2 GW@9.5 GHz [13] rectangular plate, horn 2λ 1.4λ×1.4λ×1.5λ 1.4λ×1.4λ×3.55λ 558 MW@8.45 GHz [14] triangular plate, horn 2.46λ 1.4λ×1.4λ×1.5λ 1.4λ×1.4λ×4.01λ 1 GW@3.4 GHz this work rectangular plate with
stepped-expanding aperture− − 1.18λ×1.18λ×2.43λ 906 MW@2.85 GHz
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