Design of X-band high power wide tuning bandwidth electronically beam scanning reflectarray antenna based on varactor
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摘要: 针对高功率微波系统宽频带和波束扫描需求，提出并设计了一种基于可变电容的X波段高功率宽频带波束扫描反射阵列天线。天线采用线极化喇叭馈源和三明治介质埋藏式贴片单元，其中贴片部分为嵌套式双谐振结构集成可变电容，同步拓宽相位调节范围（360°）与工作带宽。通过消除单元突变结构并采用三明治介质层，有效抑制了三相点产生，使功率容量提升至5 MW（1个大气压SF6环境）。调节可变电容容值可实现8.55-9.65 GHz频段内12%相对调谐带宽。基于11×11矩形栅格的反射阵仿真表明：242 mm口径阵列天线最大增益25.12 dBi，口径效率54.39%，全频带支持0°～20°波束扫描。相较于现有技术，该设计在调谐带宽（12%）和功率容量（5 MW）方面具有优势，为高功率微波系统的宽频带波束控制提供了有效途径。Abstract: To address the wideband and beam scanning requirements of high-power microwave (HPM) systems, this paper proposes an X-band varactor-based high-power wideband beam-scanning reflectarray antenna. The antenna employs a linearly polarized horn feed and a sandwich-structured embedded patch element, where the nested dual-resonance structure integrated with varactors simultaneously extends the phase tuning range (360°) and operational bandwidth. By eliminating abrupt structural discontinuities and adopting a sandwich dielectric configuration, the design effectively suppresses triple-junction formation, achieving a power capacity of 5 MW in 1 atm SF6 environment. Varactor capacitance adjustment enables a 12% relative tuning bandwidth within 8.55-9.65 GHz. Simulations of an 11×11 rectangular grid reflectarray demonstrate: a maximum gain of 25.12 dBi with 54.39% aperture efficiency for a 242-mm aperture, and full-band 0°～20° beam scanning capability. Compared with existing technologies, this design exhibits superior tuning bandwidth (12%) and power capacity (5 MW), providing an effective solution for wideband beam control in HPM systems.
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Key words:
- high-power microwave /
- wide band /
- electronically beam scanning /
- reflectarray antenna /
- varactor
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表 1 单元结构参数
Table 1. Parameters of the proposed element mm
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 21.6 18.1 4.3 9 2.4 8.5 2.7 3.9 1 1 
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表 2 天线阵列辐射性能仿真结果
Table 2. Simulation results of antenna array radiation performance
frequency/(GHz) maximum beam scanning angle/(°) maximum gain/(dBi) maximum aperture efficiency/% 8.55 30 25.12 54.39 8.8 30 24.94 49.25 9.1 25 25.19 48.79 9.4 25 24.62 40.11 9.65 20 24.29 35.27
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表 3 最大场强仿真结果
Table 3. Simulation results of maximum E-field
frequency/
(GHz)E-field of reflectarray
surface/(V·m−1)power capacity of
reflectarray surface/(MW)E-field of
patch/(V·m−1)power capacity
of patch/(MW)8.55 1812 36.85 16090 6.18 8.8 1828 36.21 16565 5.83 9.1 1844 35.58 17006 5.53 9.4 1920 32.82 17153 5.44 9.65 2241 24.09 17870 5.01
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