Analysis of self-breakdown characteristics of air-insulated gas switch at different environmental temperature
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摘要: 开展不同温度下气体开关的自击穿特性研究，对提升脉冲功率装置的环境适应性具有促进作用，尤其是在页岩油气资源开采等领域具有重大应用前景。通过建立空气介质同轴气体开关高温性能研究平台，实验研究了气体开关在不同环境温度下的自击穿电压分布，结合汤森放电理论，分析了环境温度对开关自击穿放电过程的主要影响因素和规律。研究结果表明：在不同环境温度下，影响空气介质气体开关自击穿电压的主要因素是气体介质密度和电极间隙距离。对于腔体可换气气体开关，其自击穿电压随环境温度的升高而下降；对于腔体密闭气体开关，开关电极烧蚀过程中喷溅出的高温颗粒造成绝缘材料表面的分子热解和吸附气体脱吸附，以及大电流放电过程中发生气体分子化学反应等，造成开关内气体产物成份变化，气体分子总数密度降低，引起开关自击穿稳定性降低和开关自击穿电压下降。Abstract: The study on the self-breakdown characteristics of air-insulated gas switches at different environmental temperatures can improve the adaptability of pulsed power devices, especially in the fields of shale oil and gas resource exploitation. By establishing a research platform for the high-temperature performance study of coaxial gas switches, the self-breakdown voltage distribution of gas switches at different temperatures was experimentally studied. The main factors and laws of temperature on the self-breakdown discharge process were analyzed in combination with Townsend discharge theory. The results show that, the main factors affecting the self-breakdown voltage are the density of the air and the distance of the switch at different temperatures. For cavity-exchangeable gas switches, the self-breakdown voltage decreases with the increase of temperature. However, with the increase of environmental temperature, the high-temperature particles sprayed during the ablation process of the electrode cause molecular pyrolysis and gas adsorption on the surface of the insulating material, as well as the chemical reaction of gas molecules in the process of high-current discharge, resulting in obvious changes in the composition of the gas and the reduction of the stability of the switch discharge. The research results in this paper can provide a technical reference for the reliable operation of gas switches in high-temperature environments.
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图 1 同轴气体开关及高温性能研究实验平台结构示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the coaxial gas switch and high temperature performance research experimental platform
1-high temperature test chamber；2-capacitor；3-high temperature insulator；4-coxial gas switch；5-high voltage DC power；6-supportor；7-current coil
图 2 同轴气体开关放电电流和电压波形图
Figure 2. Diagram of coaxial gas switch discharge current and voltage waveform
图 3 不同环境温度下的气体开关自击穿电压分布
Figure 3. Distribution of self-breakdown voltage of gas switch at different environmental temperatures
图 4 不同温度下气体开关自击穿电压平均值和标准偏差
Figure 4. Mean and standard deviation of gas switch self-breakdown voltage at different environmental temperatures
图 5 不同温度下电子平均能量和发射电流密度变化曲线
Figure 5. Curves of average electron energy and emission current density at different environmental temperatures
图 6 碰撞电离系数与电子能量的关系曲线
Figure 6. Relationship curve between collision ionization coefficients and electron energy
图 7 不同温度下气体开关电极和绝缘材料烧蚀前后表面形貌图
Figure 7. Surface morphology of gas switch electrodes and insulating materials before and after ablation at different environmental temperatures
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