Model predictive control of battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system
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摘要: 为匹配中国环流三号装置磁体线圈功率和能量需求，基于模型预测控制理论，设计电池-超级电容混合储能系统放电策略。以环向场线圈为储能系统输出端负载，建立系统预测模型，根据电池、超级电容特性和负载能量需求设计目标函数，实时求解最优开关序列。对电池储能子系统、超级电容储能子系统分别采用长周期慢控、短周期快控，实现电池稳定放电和超级电容瞬态响应。基于MATLAB/Simulink平台进行仿真验证，混合储能系统稳定输出满足负载需求的平顶电流，其电流纹波为0.22%，验证控制策略有效性。Abstract: A discharge strategy for a battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system is designed based on model predictive control theory to match the power and energy requirement of the magnet coil of HL-3. Using toroidal field coil as the load of the energy storage system, the mathematical model of the system and the objective function based on battery/supercapacitor characteristics and energy demands of the load is established. The optimal switching sequence is solved in real time. Long cycle control is applied on battery energy storage system to achieve stable discharge of the battery, while short cycle control is applied on supercapacitor energy storage system to achieve transient response of the supercapacitor. Simulation experiments are conducted using MATLAB/Simulink. The hybrid energy storage system stably outputs a flat top current that meets the load demand, with a current ripple of 0.22%. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
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图 7 超级电容储能系统电压电流波形
Figure 7. Experimental waveforms of supercapacitor energy storage system
图 9 PI控制与MPC得到输出电流对比
Figure 9. Comparison of output current obtained by PI control and MPC
表 2 仿真模型参数
Table 2. Parameters of simulation model
vB/V RB/mΩ RC/mΩ C/F L2, L4/mH vC(0)/V SSOC_B(0) 100 0.102 0.955 26400 0.6 114 0.8 C1, C2/F C3/μF L1, L3/mH rC/mΩ rL/mΩ LTF/mH RTF/mΩ 10 470×20 0.5 1 0.2 32 5.6 N1, N2 T1/ms T2/ms i1ref/kA i2ref/kA ISCmax/kA iTFref/kA 2 0.25 0.1 12 10 10 14 α1 β1_up β1_flat KPi KIi KPv KIv 0.9 0.9 0.5 2 0 5 10 
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