激光无线能量传输技术研究进展

郭林辉; 钟李鑫; 蓝建宇; 李涛; 蒋全伟; 谢鹏飞; 谭昊; 孙堂友; 高松信; 唐淳

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202537.250004

激光无线能量传输技术研究进展

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250004

郭林辉^{1, 4, 5,},
钟李鑫^{1, 2},
蓝建宇³,
李涛¹,
蒋全伟¹,
谢鹏飞^{1, 5},
谭昊^{1, 5, ,},
孙堂友^2, ,,
高松信^{1, 5},
唐淳^{1, 5}

1.
中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所，四川绵阳 621900
2.
桂林电子科技大学信息与通信学院，广西桂林 541004
3.
上海空间电源研究所，上海 200245
4.
中国工程物理研究院研究生院，四川绵阳 621999
5.
先进激光与高功率微波全国重点实验室，四川绵阳 621900

基金项目: 基础加强项目（2020-JCJQ-ZD-245-20-2）；中物院基金项目（2023-JMRH-LG）

详细信息

作者简介:
郭林辉，glh863@163.com

通讯作者:
谭　昊，tanhaomf@163.com。

孙堂友，suntangyou@guet.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN365
计量
- 文章访问数: 95
- HTML全文浏览量: 59
- PDF下载量: 22
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-06
- 修回日期: 2025-02-24
- 录用日期: 2025-02-24
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-24

Research progress of laser wireless power transmission technology

Guo Linhui^{1, 4, 5
,},
Zhong Lixin^{1, 2},
Lan Jianyu³,
Li Tao¹,
Jiang Quanwei¹,
Xie Pengfei^{1, 5},
Tan Hao^{1, 5
, ,},
Sun Tangyou^{2
, ,},
Gao Songxin^{1, 5},
Tang Chun^{1, 5}

1.
Institute of Applied Electronics, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China
2.
School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
3.
Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, ‌Shanghai 200245, China
4.
Gradute School, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, China
5.
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Laser and High Power Microwave, Mianyang 621900, China

摘要

摘要: 激光无线能量传输技术具有高功率、远距离、非接触式、能信同传等优点，有望成为一种革新性的能源传递方式，在消费电子产品、无人机、航天等领域展现巨大的应用潜力。分析了激光无线能量传输系统的核心模块以及在地面、航天、水下等领域的国内外发展现状，总结了其面临的技术挑战。最后，讨论了激光无线能量传输系统的未来发展趋势。
- 激光器 /
- 无线能量传输 /
- 能量补给 /
- 激光电池
Abstract: Laser wireless energy transmission technology has the advantages of high power, long transmission distance, non-contact operation, and simultaneous energy and information transmission, and is expected to become a revolutionary energy transmission method, showing great application potential in consumer electronics, drones, aerospace and other fields. In this paper, the core module of laser wireless energy transmission technology and its development status in the fields of ground, aerospace and underwater at home and abroad are analyzed, and the technical challenges are summarized. Finally, the future development trend of laser wireless energy transmission system is discussed.
- laser /
- wireless energy transmission /
- energy replenishment /
- laser cell

HTML全文

图 1 激光无线能量传输系统

Figure 1. Laser wireless power transmission system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 光谱响应曲线及大气透射光谱^[8]

Figure 2. Atmospheric transmission spectra and Spectral response curves ^[8]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 光纤激光器光源^[12]和半导体激光器光源^[15]

Figure 3. Fiber laser light source^[12] and laser diode light source^[15]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 准直发射镜头^[25]及APT系统工作图^[14]

Figure 4. Collimated emission lens^[25] and APT system working diagram^[14]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 多激光多孔径合成发射技术及激光相控阵发射技术^[27-28]

Figure 5. Multi-laser multi-aperture synthesis emission technology and laser phased array emission technology^[27-28]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 808 nm十结激光电池的三维结构^[32]

Figure 6. Three-dimensional structure of an 808 nm ten-junction laser cell^[32]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 地面LWPT研究状况

Figure 7. Research status of ground-based LWPT

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 SLIPT系统一些潜在应用^[52]

Figure 8. SLIPT potential application series^[52]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 水下激光无线能量传输系统研究近况

Figure 9. Recent advances in underwater LWPT systems

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 太空激光能量无线传输系统概念图

Figure 10. Conceptual diagram of wireless transmission of laser energy in space

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 各类激光光源技术特点^[9]

Table 1. Technical characteristics of various types of laser sources ^[9]

laser type	wavelength	power	effciency	beam quality
laser diode	ultraviolet-infrared band	high	high	poor
thin disk laser	infrared band	high	low	excellent
fiber laser	infrared band	high	high	excellent

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 近红外激光器研究进展

Table 2. Research progress of near-infrared lasers

year	wavelength (laser type)/nm	power/W	efficiency/%	references
2003	940(diode)	1500	50.0	[11]
2013	1070(fiber)	2000	30.0	[12]
2014	793(diode)	24	42.3	[13]
2019	808(diode)	400	49.0	[14]
2021	808(diode)	1162	—	[15]
2021	910(diode)	150	—	[16]
2023	1000(diode)	400	51.3	[17]
2021	445(diode)	1500	—	[18]
2022	450(diode)	1800	—	[19]
2024	450(diode)	2000	—	[20]

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同材料光伏电池发展

Table 3. Development of photovoltaic cells with different materials

material	wavelength/nm	efficiency/%	power/W	year	references
GaInP	638	46.70	1.50	2022	[37]
GaInP	637	53.50	10.00	2024	[34]
FAPbBr₃	532	43.02	0.07	2023	[38]
PBDB-TF:BTP-eC9	660	36.20	0.01	2023	[35]
ITO-4Cl	660	31.60	—	2024	[36]
GaAs	810	52.70	22.00	2006	[39]
	808	74.70	7.00	2022	[40]
	808	51.52	15.45	2023	[41]
	808	55.80	—	2024	[33]
GaAs/InGaAs	1064	44.10	1.00	2023	[42]

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(61)

[1]	Kim D, Abu-Siada A, Sutinjo A. State-of-the-art literature review of WPT: current limitations and solutions on IPT[J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2018, 154: 493-502.
[2]	唐亮, 仲元昌, 张成祥, 等. 激光无线传能关键技术研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 激光杂志, 2017, 38(10):28-32 Tang Liang, Zhong Yuanchang, Zhang Chengxiang, et al. Research situation and development trend of laser wireless power transmission key technology[J]. Laser Journal, 2017, 38(10): 28-32
[3]	李巍, 吴凌远, 王伟平, 等. 半导体激光无线传能中光伏电池转换效率[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2018, 30:119001 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201830.180097 Li Wei, Wu Lingyuan, Wang Weiping, et al. Power conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells in semiconductor laser wireless power transmission[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2018, 30: 119001 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201830.180097
[4]	Fakidis J, Videv S, Kucera S, et al. Indoor optical wireless power transfer to small cells at nighttime[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2016, 34(13): 3236-3258.
[5]	DARPA. POWER: persistent optical wireless energy relay[EB/OL]. [2024-12-31]. https://www.darpa.mil/research/programs/power.
[6]	INESC TEC developed high-power optic fibre laser to power nano satellites[EB/OL]. [2024-12-31]. https://www.inesctec.pt/en/news/inesc-tec-developed-high-power-optic-fibre-laser-to-power-nano-satellites.
[7]	Xu Wanli, Wang Xudong, Li Weishi, et al. Research on test and evaluation method of laser wireless power transmission system[J]. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2022, 2022: 20.
[8]	Krupke W F, Beach R J, Payne S A, et al. DPAL: a new class of lasers for cw power beaming at ideal photovoltaic cell wavelengths[J]. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2004, 702(1): 367-377.
[9]	Mason R. Feasibility of laser power transmission to a high-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle[R]. RAND Corporation, 2011.
[10]	Polman A, Knight M, Garnett E C, et al. Photovoltaic materials: present efficiencies and future challenges[J]. Science, 2016, 352: aad4424. doi: 10.1126/science.aad4424
[11]	Blackwell T. Recent demonstrations of laser power beaming at DFRC and MSFC[J]. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2005, 766(1): 73-85.
[12]	Sprangle P, Hafizi B, Ting A, et al. High-power lasers for directed-energy applications[J]. Applied Optics, 2015, 54(31): F201-F209.
[13]	He Tao, Yang Suhui, Zhang Haiyang, et al. High-power high-efficiency laser power transmission at 100 m using optimized multi-cell GaAs converter[J]. Chinese Physics Letters, 2014, 31: 104203.
[14]	时振磊, 孟文文, 申景诗, 等. 无人机激光无线能量传输APT系统跟踪设计[J]. 激光技术, 2019, 43(6):809-814 doi: 10.7510/jgjs.issn.1001-3806.2019.06.015 Shi Zhenlei, Meng Wenwen, Shen Jingshi, et al. Tracking design of APT system of laser wireless energy transmission for unmanned aerial vehicle[J]. Laser Technology, 2019, 43(6): 809-814 doi: 10.7510/jgjs.issn.1001-3806.2019.06.015
[15]	李娟, 俞浩, 虞天成, 等. 用于无线能量传输的高效率半导体激光器设计[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2021, 50:20210147 doi: 10.3788/IRLA20210147 Li Juan, Yu Hao, Yu Tiancheng, et al. Design of high efficiency diode laser module for wireless power transmission[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2021, 50: 20210147 doi: 10.3788/IRLA20210147
[16]	Ge Chenhao, Sun Lili, Zhong Yuanchang. Design and experimental research of laser wireless power transmission system[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Power Electronics and Control Engineering. 2021: 120800S.
[17]	Semiconductor laser and power converter for optical wireless power transmission[EB/OL]. [2024-12-31]. https://www.everbrightphotonics.com/news/46.html.
[18]	Feve J P, Finuf M, Fritz R, et al. Scalable blue laser system architecture[C]//Proceedings of High-Power Diode Laser Technology XVIII. 2020: 112620P.
[19]	Chann B, Villarreal F J, Zhou Wanglong, et al. Advances in blue high-power/high-brightness direct diode lasers using wavelength beam combining[C]//Proceedings of High-Power Diode Laser Technology XX. 2022: PC1198307.
[20]	Wu Yueting, Zhang Fengchao, Zhang Xinning, et al. Manufacturing and reliability analysis of high-brightness blue light semiconductor laser[C]//Proceedings of High-Power Diode Laser Technology XXII. 2024: 128670D.
[21]	Haid M, Armbruster C, Derix D, et al. 5 W optical power link with generic voltage output and modulated data signal[C]//Proceedings of the 1st Optical Wireless and Fiber Power Transmission Conference. 2019.
[22]	Yigit H, Boynuegri A R. Pulsed laser diode based wireless power transmission application: determination of voltage amplitude, frequency, and duty cycle[J]. IEEE Access, 2023, 11: 54544-54555.
[23]	乔良, 杨雁南. 激光无线能量传输效率的实验研究[J]. 激光技术, 2014, 38(5):590-594 doi: 10.7510/jgjs.issn.1001-3806.2014.05.003 Qiao Liang, Yang Yannan. Experimental research of laser wireless power transmission efficiency[J]. Laser Technology, 2014, 38(5): 590-594 doi: 10.7510/jgjs.issn.1001-3806.2014.05.003
[24]	程坤, 董昊, 蔡卓燃, 等. 高效率远距离激光无线能量传输方案设计[J]. 航天器工程, 2015, 24(1):8-12 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8748.2015.01.002 Cheng Kun, Dong Hao, Cai Zhuoran, et al. Scheme design of high efficiency long distance laser power transmission[J]. Spacecraft Engineering, 2015, 24(1): 8-12 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8748.2015.01.002
[25]	孟祥翔, 尚涵, 辛明瑞, 等. 激光无线能量传输发射光学系统研制[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2023, 52:20230115 doi: 10.3788/IRLA20230115 Meng Xiangxiang, Shang Han, Xin Mingrui, et al. Development of emission optical system for laser wireless power transmission[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2023, 52: 20230115 doi: 10.3788/IRLA20230115
[26]	袁建华, 黄开, 洪沪生, 等. 激光供能无人机的一种优化跟踪算法[J]. 应用光学, 2020, 41(1):194-201 doi: 10.5768/JAO202041.0107002 Yuan Jianhua, Huang Kai, Hong Husheng, et al. Optimal tracking algorithm for laser powered unmanned aerial vehicles[J]. Journal of Applied Optics, 2020, 41(1): 194-201 doi: 10.5768/JAO202041.0107002
[27]	李向阳, 吴世臣, 李钟晓. 激光无线能量传输技术应用及其发展趋势[J]. 航天器工程, 2015, 24(1):1-7 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8748.2015.01.001 Li Xiangyang, Wu Shichen, Li Zhongxiao. Laser wireless power transmission technology and its development trend[J]. Spacecraft Engineering, 2015, 24(1): 1-7 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8748.2015.01.001
[28]	田博宇, 彭英楠, 胡奇琪, 等. 光学相控阵技术研究进展与发展趋势[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2023, 35:041001 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202335.220305 Tian Boyu, Peng Yingnan, Hu Qiqi, et al. Review of optical phased array technology and its applications[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2023, 35: 041001 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202335.220305
[29]	严豪健, 符养, 洪振杰, 等. 现代大气折射引论[M]. 上海: 上海科技教育出版社, 2006 Yan Haojian, Fu Yang, Hong Zhenjie, et al. Introduction to modern atmospheric refraction[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Education Press, 2006
[30]	罗传伟, 焦明印. 光学系统折射率温度效应的模拟计算[J]. 应用光学, 2008, 29(2):234-239 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2082.2008.02.016 Luo Chuanwei, Jiao Mingyin. Simulated calculation for effect of temperature on refractive index in optical system[J]. Journal of Applied Optics, 2008, 29(2): 234-239 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2082.2008.02.016
[31]	宋正方. 应用大气光学基础[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 1990 Song Zhengfang. Fundamentals of applied atmospheric optics[M]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 1990
[32]	Fafard S, Proulx F, York M C A, et al. High-photovoltage GaAs vertical epitaxial monolithic heterostructures with 20 thin p/n junctions and a conversion efficiency of 60%[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2016, 109: 131107. doi: 10.1063/1.4964120
[33]	Chen Y J, Mou Z Q, Wang J, et al. 808 nm laser power converters for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer[J]. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 2024, 14(6): 890-900.
[34]	Sanmartín P, Fernández E F, García-Loureiro A, et al. Design and characterization of a 53.5% efficient gallium indium phosphide-based optical photovoltaic converter under 637 nm laser irradiation at 10 W·cm⁻²[J]. Solar RRL, 2024, 8: 2400278. doi: 10.1002/solr.202400278
[35]	Wang Yafei, Zheng Zhong, Wang Jianqiu, et al. Organic laser power converter for efficient wireless micro power transfer[J]. Nature Communications, 2023, 14: 5511.
[36]	Wang Yafei, Cui Yong, Wang Jianqiu, et al. Highly efficient and stable organic photovoltaic cells for underwater applications[J]. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(27): 2402575. doi: 10.1002/adma.202402575
[37]	Kurooka K, Honda T, Komazawa Y, et al. A 46.7% efficient GaInP photonic power converter under high-power 638 nm laser uniform irradiation of 1.5 W cm⁻²[J]. Applied Physics Express, 2022, 15: 062003.
[38]	Guo Xin, Chen Xiaoming, Li Qingyuan, et al. High efficiency wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells for laser energy transfer underwater[J]. Energy Technology, 2023, 11: 2300083.
[39]	Krut D, Sudharsanan R, Isshiki T, et al. A 53% high efficiency GaAs vertically integrated multi-junction laser power converter[C]//Proceedings of 2007 65th Annual Device Research Conference. 2007: 123-124.
[40]	Fafard S, Masson D P. 74. 7% Efficient GaAs-based laser power converters at 808 nm at 150 K[J]. Photonics, 2022, 9: 579.
[41]	Gou Yudan, Wang Hao, Wang Jun, et al. High-performance laser power converts for direct-energy applications[J]. Optics Express, 2022, 30(17): 31509-31517.
[42]	Kalyuzhnyy N A, Emelyanov V M, Mintairov S A, et al. InGaAs metamorphic laser (λ=1064 nm) power converters with over 44% efficiency[J]. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2018, 2012: 110002.
[43]	Lee S, Lim N, Choi W, et al. Study on battery charging converter for MPPT control of laser wireless power transmission system[J]. Electronics, 2020, 9: 1745.
[44]	Zhou Weiyang, Jin Ke, Zhang Ran. A fast-speed GMPPT method for PV array under Gaussian laser beam condition in wireless power transfer application[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2022, 37(8): 10016-10028.
[45]	Steinsiek F, Weber K H, Foth W P, et al. Wireless Power Transmission Experiment using an airship as relay system and a moveable rover as ground target for later planetary exploration missions[C]//Proceedings of the 8th ESA Workshop on Advanced Space Technologies for Robotics and Automation. 2004: 1-10.
[46]	Kawashima N, Takeda K, Matsuoka H, et al. Laser energy transmission for a wireless energy supply to robots[C]//Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. 2005.
[47]	李振宇, 石德乐, 申景诗, 等. 基于激光的无线能量传输技术[J]. 空间电子技术, 2013, 10(3):71-76 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7135.2013.03.016 Li Zhenyu, Shi Dele, Shen Jingshi, et al. Laser wireless power transmission technology[J]. Space Electronic Technology, 2013, 10(3): 71-76 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7135.2013.03.016
[48]	Shi Dele, Zhang Longlong, Ma Haihong, et al. Research on Wireless Power transmission system between satellites[C]//Proceedings of 2016 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference. 2016: 1-4.
[49]	Zheng Y F, Zhang G D, Huan Z H, et al. Wireless laser power transmission: recent progress and future challenges[J]. Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission, 2024, 1(1): 17-26. doi: 10.1016/j.sspwt.2023.12.001
[50]	Uppal R. DARPA airborne energy well seeks laser propulsion on aircrafts to power rechargable unmanned aerial systems[R]. International Defense Security Technology, 2022.
[51]	Nguyen D H. Dynamic optical wireless power transfer for electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Access, 2023, 11: 2787-2795. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3234577
[52]	Papanikolaou V K, Tegos S A, Palitharathna K W S, et al. Simultaneous Lightwave information and power transfer in 6G networks[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2024, 62(3): 16-22. doi: 10.1109/MCOM.002.2300290
[53]	Kim S M, Choi J, Jung H. Experimental demonstration of underwater optical wireless power transfer using a laser diode[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2018, 16: 080101. doi: 10.3788/COL201816.080101
[54]	Kim S M, Kwon D. Transfer efficiency of underwater optical wireless power transmission depending on the operating wavelength[J]. Current Optics and Photonics, 2020, 4(6): 571-575.
[55]	Tai Y, Miyamoto T. Experimental characterization of high tolerance to beam irradiation conditions of light beam power receiving module for optical wireless power transmission equipped with a fly-eye lens system[J]. Energies, 2022, 15: 7388.
[56]	Zhu Xuegui, Yu Wenchao, Liu Gengjian, et al. The influence of steady-state thermal blooming effect on the quality of underwater laser power transmission[J]. AIP Advances, 2024, 14: 035214.
[57]	Takahashi R, Hayashi S, Watanabe K, et al. Optical wireless power transmission under deep seawater using GaInP solar cells[J]. Energies, 2024, 17: 1572.
[58]	Mankins J, Kaya N, Vasile M. SPS-ALPHA: the first practical solar power satellite via arbitrarily large phased array (a 2011-2012 NIAC project)[C]//Proceedings of the 10th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. 2012.
[59]	俄罗斯将在国际空间站进行利用激光进行无线输电实验[EB/OL]. [2024-12-31]. http://wptchina.com.cn/ReadNews.asp?rid=2089 Russia will conduct experiments on wireless transmission using laser at the international space station[EB/OL]. [2024-12-31]. http://wptchina.com.cn/ReadNews.asp?rid=2089.
[60]	First in-space laser power beaming experiment surpasses 100 days of successful on-orbit operations[EB/OL]. https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/07/13/2704532/0/en/First-In-Space-Laser-Power-Beaming-Experiment-Surpasses-100-Days-of-Successful-On-Orbit-Operations.html.
[61]	Abdullah S, Mulles P J S, Amaya R E. A new adaptive wireless power transfer solution for use with space rovers and vehicles[C]//Proceedings of 2022 IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments. 2022: 49-54.