Research on influencing factors of overpressure discharge load in the primary system of nuclear reactors
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摘要: 当核反应堆一回路系统发生超压时，可采用超压泄放系统将高温高压流体通过安全阀及下游管道向水池泄放以实现降压，但是安全阀的快速开启会导致流体剧烈释放，可能对管道及水池施加剧烈地瞬态载荷冲击。建立了包括压力容器、管道及水池的系统性分析模型，用于分析管道及水池处的载荷特征。结果表明：超压泄放过程中阀门入口存在水封及开启时间减小会使管道及水池所受载荷峰值增大。喷嘴淹没深度减小或水池截面积增大，水池处载荷峰值减小。Abstract:
Background When the primary system of nuclear reactors experiences overpressure, the overpressure discharge system can be utilized to release high-temperature and high-pressure fluid through the safety valve and downstream pipelines to achieve pressure reduction.Purpose However, the rapid opening of the safety valve can lead to a violent fluid release, which may impose severe transient load impacts on the pipelines and the pool.Methods Analyzing the typical characteristics and influencing factors of the emission phenomenon can provide references for system operation and design. A systematic analysis model including the pressure vessel, pipelines, and water pool was established. The model was finely divided, with the length of the pipeline control body not exceeding 0.3 m, and the water pool was composed of multiple control bodies. The load was solved using the momentum balance method, and calculation results were compared with the EPRI/CE international test data. The established analysis model can quickly obtain the thermal response and load response during the discharge process.Results The results show that during the overpressure discharge process, there is a water seal at the valve inlet and, the opening time reduction will cause the peak load on the pipelines and the water pool to increase.Conclusions A decrease in the nozzle immersion depth or an increase in the water pool cross-sectional area will result in a reduction in the peak load at the water pool.-
Key words:
- overpressure discharge system /
- discharge load /
- discharge pipe /
- pool
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图 5 管道系统及水池处热工与载荷响应变化
Figure 5. Diagram of thermal and load responses of pipelines and pool
图 9 喷嘴上游压力和水池压力峰值变化
Figure 9. The upstream pressure of the nozzle and peak of pool pressure varies with water seal volume changes
图 10 喷嘴上游压力和水池压力峰值变化
Figure 10. Diagram of the sparger upstream pressure and peak of pool pressure varies with valve opening time changes
图 11 喷嘴上游压力和水池压力峰值变化
Figure 11. Diagram of the sparger upstream pressure and peak of pool pressure varies with sparger flooding depth changes
图 12 水池液位随水池截面积变化
Figure 12. Diagram of the liquid level of the pool varies and peak of pool pressure with the cross-sectional area of the pool
表 1 管道尺寸表
Table 1. Piping geometric parameters
pipe segment area/m2 length/m direction 1 0.01864 1.6764 horizontal 2 0.01864 1.8288 vertical 2 0.06557 4.5720 vertical 3 0.06557 13.2283 horizontal 4 0.06557 0.4572 vertical 
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