Design and simulation of resonant coupling circuit for synchroscan streak camera based on helical resonator
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摘要: 随着科学技术的快速发展，高速光学成像与超快诊断技术在科学、工业、国防和医学等领域中的应用愈发重要。同步扫描条纹相机作为一种超快光现象探测仪器，与高重频激光器协同使用，实现高精度时间同步的泵浦探测，通过对微弱光信号的累积与放大实现高信噪比探测。然而，现有同步扫描电路在长时间工作模式下，信号源器件累计高频噪声随之增加，同时存在缺少具体的阻抗匹配设计方法的问题，影响了条纹相机的时间分辨性能提升。综合考虑多种变压器结构和设计方案，基于螺旋谐振器进行谐振匹配设计，利用有限元仿真开展相关模拟研究，通过谐振器初级线圈参数的调节，实现了射频功率放大器输出阻抗和容性负载之间匹配。对设计模型进行谐振耦合升压研究表明，在一定功率输入下能够输出高峰值电压，验证了螺旋谐振方法的有效性，通过噪声响应和时间抖动对比分析表明，设计方法能够进一步提升同步扫描时间分辨性能。Abstract: With the rapid development of science and technology, the application of high-speed optical imaging and ultrafast diagnostic technologies in fields such as science, industry, national defense and medicine is becoming increasingly important. The synchroscan streak camera, as an ultrafast optical phenomenon detection instrument, is used in conjunction with high-repetition-frequency lasers to achieve high-precision time-synchronized pump detection. It realizes high signal-to-noise ratio detection by accumulating and amplifying weak optical signals. However, in the long-term working mode of the existing synchronous scanning circuit, the cumulative high-frequency noise of the signal source device increases accordingly. At the same time, there is a problem of lacking a specific impedance matching design method, which affects the improvement of the time resolution performance of the streak camera. This paper comprehensively considers various transformer structures and design schemes, conducts resonant matching design based on helical resonators, and carries out relevant simulation studies using finite element simulation. Through the adjustment of the parameters of the primary coil of the resonator, the matching between the output impedance of the RF power amplifier and the capacitive load is achieved. The research on resonant coupling boost of the design model shows that it can output peak voltage under a certain power input, verifying the effectiveness of the helical resonance method. Through the comparative analysis of noise response and time jitter, it is indicated that the design method in this paper can further improve the time resolution performance of synchronous scanning.
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图 1 同步扫描电路组成及工作原理
Figure 1. Composition and working principle of synchronous scanning circuit
图 7 螺旋谐振器磁通密度模分布
Figure 7. Magnetic flux density mode distribution of helical resonator
图 8 偏转板间距对特征频率及电场分布影响
Figure 8. Influence of deflection plate spacing on characteristic frequency and electric field distribution
图 10 输入探针长度变化对阻抗匹配参数影响
Figure 10. Influence of input probe length variation on impedance matching parameters
图 11 谐振匹配SPICE电路等效及仿真结果
Figure 11. Resonant matching SPICE circuit equivalence and simulation results
图 12 谐振匹配模拟仿真及理论对比图形
Figure 12. Resonant matching simulation and theoretical comparison figures
图 13 谐振匹配相位噪声响应和时间抖动比较
Figure 13. Resonance matching phase noise response and time jitter comparison
表 1 谐振匹配模型设计参数
Table 1. Design parameters of the resonant matching model
model part parameter dimension/mm primary coil ${L_1}$ 1.00 ${N_{{\text{pri}}}}$ 1.50 ${r_{{\text{pri}}}}$ 5.15 ${\tau _{{\text{pri}}}}$ 3.50 ${d_{{\text{pri}}}}$ 2.00 secondary coil $N$ 4.20 $d$ 21.10 $b$ 31.70 $\tau $ 7.60 ${d_0}$ 3.80 helical resonator $D$ 38.50 $B$ 51.10 $T$ 0.50 deflection system ${L_{\text{t}}}$ 100.00 ${D_{\text{t}}}$ 48.00 ${l_{\text{p}}}$ 45.00 ${w_{\text{p}}}$ 30.00 ${d_{\text{p}}}$ 6.00 
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表 2 谐振匹配模型材料定义
Table 2. Material definition for resonant matching model
model part material electrical conductivity/(107 S·m−1) relative permittivity relative permeability resonator、tube air(vacuum) 0 1 1 resonator、wire copper 5.998 1 1 tube conductor aluminum 3.774 1 1 tube shielding kovar alloy 0.2 4.5 100 wire shielding PTFE 0 2.1 1 insulation ring ceramics 0 20 40
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表 3 线圈电感参数结果
Table 3. Coil inductance parameter results
object primary coil/μH secondary coil/μH mutual inductance/nH coupling coefficient helical resonator 0.022427 0.16524 2.7515 0.0452 resonant matching model 0.022361 0.16432 2.7462 0.0453
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表 4 谐振匹配模型仿真参数结果
Table 4. Resonant matching model simulation parameter results
plate spacing/mm plate capacitance/pF total capacitance/pF characteristic frequency/MHz quality factor 2.00 5.97 18.46 91.382+ 0.025963 i1759.8 6.00 1.99 13.83 105.58+ 0.035022 i1507.3
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表 5 不同阻抗匹配方案的瞬时时间分辨率结果
Table 5. The instantaneous time resolution results of different impedance matching schemes
scheme $ \Delta {t_{{\text{tube}}}} $/ps $ \Delta {t_{\text{s}}} $/ps $ \Delta {t_{\text{j}}} $/ps $\Delta {t_{{\text{ins}}}}$/ps reference research[19] 1.9 2.4 1.4 3.3 this paper 1.9 2.4 0.4 3.0
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