一种兆伏级电触发开关的触发脉冲引入方法

尹佳辉; 魏浩; 孙凤举; 姜晓峰; 梁天学; 罗维熙; 张信军; 张天洋; 呼义翔; 邱爱慈

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202537.250093

一种兆伏级电触发开关的触发脉冲引入方法

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250093

强脉冲辐射环境模拟与效应全国重点实验室，西北核技术研究所，西安 710024

详细信息

作者简介:
尹佳辉，男，河北廊坊人，副研究员，博士，主要从事脉冲功率技术研究；E-mail：Yinjiahui@nint.ac.cn

中图分类号: TM85
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-04-22
- 修回日期: 2025-05-12
- 录用日期: 2025-04-24
- 网络出版日期: 2025-05-27

Trigger pulse feed and cable protection for MV electrical-triggered gas switch

National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China

摘要

摘要: 采用电脉冲触发兆伏（MV）级开关，触发器与被触发开关之间既需要良好的电气连接以保证触发脉冲的有效施加，还需要隔离保护措施以避免开关导通后形成的MV级主脉冲反馈回触发器导致其损坏。介绍了一种用于MV级电触发开关的触发脉冲引入方法，该方法将保护电阻放置在脉冲传输线的内外筒之间。当开关导通后，形成的MV级主脉冲经保护元件后再反馈回触发电缆。由于保护电阻与触发电缆之间近似按阻值（阻抗）分压，因此耦合进入触发电缆的脉冲的幅值远低于主脉冲的幅值，而保护电感能够有效抑制开关在导通过程中形成的快前沿、高幅值的电脉冲。结合提出的触发脉冲引入方法，讨论了开关导通过程对触发保护元件的影响，结合等效电路分析了保护电阻、保护电感所起的作用，实验研究了保护元件参数对开关触发特性的影响，最终将这两个保护元件的参数分别设定为500 Ω和2 μH，在此配置下开关在2.6 MV工作电压下实现稳定运行。
- 脉冲功率 /
- 感应电压叠加器 /
- 兆伏级开关 /
- 脉冲触发开关 /
- 触发脉冲引入
Abstract: When a MV triggered gas switch (TGS) is triggered by an electric pulse, a good electrical connection between the trigger generator and the TGS is required to ensure the trigger effect. Besides, a protective method is also necessary to avoid the damage to the trigger generator which feeds back from the MV main pulse after the TGS is closed. In this paper, a novel trigger pulse feed and protection method is introduced. The trigger pulse is introduced via a protective resistor, which is mounted between the inner and outer cylindrical electrodes of the pulse transmission line. The MV pulse is attenuated because the voltage is resistively divided by the resistor and trigger cable arrangement. Both the complex breakdown processes of the switch and its insulation issues are experimentally studied. The function and the beneficial effects of the protective resistor, installed together with an additional inductor, are discussed. Finally, the structure and parameters of these two protective components are set to 500 Ω and 2 μH, in which conditions the switch is demonstrated to successfully work at 2.6 MV.
- pulsed power /
- induction voltage adder /
- MV gas switch /
- triggered gas switch /
- trigger pulse feed

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图 1 经电感引入触发脉冲的示意图

Figure 1. Diagram of feeding trigger pulse via hollow inductor

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图 2 电触发开关及其触发引入的示意图

Figure 2. Diagram of TGS and its trigger pulse feed method

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图 3 开关实验平台结构示意图

Figure 3. The sectional view of TGS test bed

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图 4 开关实验平台及触发系统的等效电路图

Figure 4. The equivalent circuit model of TGS test bed and trigger generator

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图 5 微分型电容分压器结构示意图

Figure 5. The diagram of differential capacitive voltage monitor

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图 6 两种状态下保护电阻以及触发引入区域的电场分布

Figure 6. The electric field strength simulations of protective resistor under two states

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图 7 不同保护元件参数下B、C两点的反馈电压波形

Figure 7. The voltage waveforms at the point B and C versus protective parameters

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图 8 触发电缆末端电压波形

Figure 8. The voltage waveforms at the end of trigger cable

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图 9 典型的开关触发实验波形及t_g、t_d定义

Figure 9. Typical voltage waveforms of TGS and the definition of t_g and t_d

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图 10 不同保护参数下的开关实验波形

Figure 10. The voltage waveforms of TGS under different protective parameters

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图 11 不同保护电阻阻值时的开关触发时刻与触发时延（未串联保护电感）

Figure 11. t_d versus t_g with different protective resistance and without protective inductor

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图 12 定型开关触发时刻与触发时延对应关系

Figure 12. t_d versus t_g of finalized TGS

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表 1 开关实验绝缘损坏情况统计

Table 1. Insulation failures events during the TGS test

working voltage/ MV	number of shots	resistance/ Ω	inductance/ nH*	insulation status		conditions of test and TGS
working voltage/ MV	number of shots	resistance/ Ω	inductance/ nH*	trigger cable	resistor insulator	conditions of test and TGS
1.95	18	340	150	damaged	damaged	The original TGS, and the duration of high voltage is about 370 ns.
1.95	86	1050	150	safe	damaged
1.95	12	812	150	safe	safe	The optimized TGS，the main gap spacing is increased from 100 mm to 105 mm and the spacing of disc-ground gap is reduced from 41 mm to 33 mm.
2.27	23	812	150	safe	damaged
2.27	35	780	2000	safe	safe
1.80	140	500	2000	safe	safe	The optimized TGS, and the duration of high voltage is about 310 ns.
2.17	60	500	2000	safe	safe
2.53	86	500	2000	safe	safe
* Note: Without additional protective inductor, the inductance of electoral connection between TGS and protective resistor is about 150 nH.

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参考文献(12)

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