Lightning strike probability assessment and impact factors analysis for tethered unmanned aerial vehicle system
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摘要: 针对系留无人机系统可能面临的雷击风险，分析了雷暴背景电场下系留无人机系统周围的静电场分布，确定了系留无人机系统上概率较大的雷击选择点，以此为基础，采用介质击穿模型和亚网格技术相结合的方法，对典型系留无人机系统进行了雷击数值模拟评估，获得了系留无人机系统不同部位的雷击概率分布，揭示了不同因素对系留无人机系统雷击概率的影响规律。结果表明：系留无人机系统遭受雷击的概率会随着系留高度、雷云体电荷密度的增大近似呈线性增加；当系留无人机系统遭受雷击时，无人机旋臂末端遭受雷击的概率最高，其次是无人机机身，系留线缆遭受雷击的概率相对较小。Abstract:
Background With the rapid development and application of tethered unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems, the lightning strike risk faced by the tethered UAV systems has become a severe issue that can not be ignored. Compared with traditional UAVs, the presence of the tether cable in tethered UAV systems has brought significant changes to the potential lightning strike risks of them, and the relevant influencing factors on the lightning strike probability have also changed.Purpose This study aims to investigate the lightning strike point distribution of typical tethered UAV system by combining electrostatic field analysis and numerical simulation. The goal is to present the lightning strike probability of different parts of the tethered UAV system and identify its main influencing factors.Methods The ANSYS finite element analysis software was used to analyze the electrostatic field distribution around the tethered UAV system under the background electric field of thunderstorm, and the lightning strike points with higher probability on the tethered UAV system were determined. On this basis, a numerical simulation assessment of lightning strikes on a typical tethered UAV system was carried out by employing the dielectric breakdown model and the sub-grid technology. The lightning strike probability distribution at different parts of the tethered UAV system was obtained, and the influence law of different factors on the lightning strike probability was presented.Results The results of the numerical simulation show that the lightning strike probability of the tethered UAV system increases approximately linearly with the increase of the tethered height and the volume charge density of thundercloud. When the tethered UAV system is struck by lightning, the lightning strike probability on the end of the rotor arm is the highest, followed by the UAV fuselage, and the lightning strike probability on the tether cable is relatively low.Conclusions By combining electrostatic field finite element analysis with large-sample numerical simulation of lightning discharge, the lightning strike probability distribution characteristics of the tethered UAV system and the surrounding ground under different conditions are determined, which can provide a important reference for the direct lightning protection design of the tethered UAV system. -
图 1 典型系留无人机系统的静电场分析模型
Figure 1. Analysis model of the electrostatic field for typical tethered UAV system
图 2 典型系留无人机系统周围的静电场分布情况
Figure 2. Distribution of the electrostatic field around typical tethered UAV system
图 3 典型系留无人机系统周围的电场畸变情况
Figure 3. Distortion of the electrostatic field caused by typical tethered UAV system
图 4 系留无人机系统雷击评估流程
Figure 4. Evaluation process of lightning strike for the tethered UAV system
图 5 评估区域精细建模示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the refined modeling for the evaluation area
图 6 雷暴云体电荷密度及其激发的电场和电势分布
Figure 6. Volume charge density of the thundercloud and the distribution of the electric field and potential excited by it
图 7 系留无人机系统遭受雷击的模拟实例
Figure 7. Simulation example of lightning strike on the tethered UAV system
图 8 不同系留高度下系留无人机系统及其附近的雷击点分布
Figure 8. Distribution of lightning strike points on and near the tethered UAV system at different tethered heights
图 9 不同系留高度下系留无人机系统不同部位的雷击概率分布
Figure 9. Distributions of lightning strike probability on the different parts of tethered UAV system at different tethered heights
图 10 不同雷云荷电强度下系留无人机系统及其附近的雷击点分布
Figure 10. Distribution of lightning strike points on and near the tethered UAV system at different volume charge densities of thundercloud
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