Graphene-based nonlinear conducting materials for smart electromagnetic protection
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摘要: 采用溶剂热法合成了氧化锌包覆石墨烯的纳米复合材料。SEM表征显示，氧化锌纳米颗粒均匀覆盖在石墨烯表面，能充分发挥氧化锌的场致相变性能和石墨烯的导电性能及大比表面积优势。制备的GN/ZnO复合材料在质量分数5～8 wt%时，展现出显著的非线性导电特性，其相变阈值电场为0.19～0.53 kV/mm，非线性系数α为4.01～5.44。实验证实，该材料在低电场下保持绝缘性，高电场下迅速转变为高导电状态，抑制静电放电。不同浓度的复合材料展现出不同的开关场强，可根据操作条件和需求调整材料性能。这为开发智能电磁防护材料提供了理论依据和实践指导。Abstract:
Background Many traditional electromagnetic protection materials are limited by fixed protection parameters, preventing the passage of both weak electromagnetic information and strong signals from malicious attacks. This cannot meet the current adaptive requirements for electromagnetic protection of high-frequency equipment in the information age. Hence, it is crucial to explore and create a novel self-adaptive and proactive electromagnetic shielding material. ZnO and graphene composites have attracted attention due to their tunable electrical properties and potential for intelligent protection applications.Purpose This study aims to synthesize and characterize ZnO-coated graphene nanocomposites, with a focus on their nonlinear conductive performance for use in adaptive electromagnetic protection. The goal is to achieve tunable switching behavior through compositional adjustment and microstructural control.Methods The nanocomposites were synthesized using a solvothermal method. The morphology and distribution of ZnO nanoparticles on graphene were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrical properties, including nonlinear coefficient and switching thresholds, were measured under varying electric fields.Results SEM analysis confirmed the uniform coating of ZnO nanoparticles on graphene sheets. The composites exhibited reversible insulating-conductive transition behavior, with threshold electric fields ranging from 0.19 to 0.53 kV/mm and nonlinear coefficients between 4.01 and 5.44 within the 5–8 wt% mass fraction range. The switching threshold was effectively modulated by adjusting the composite concentration.Conclusions The GN/ZnO nanocomposites demonstrate promising adaptive performance with tunable switching characteristics, making them suitable for intelligent electromagnetic protection devices. This study provides a foundation for the design of advanced composite materials for electronic protection systems. -
图 1 化学浴沉积法制备GN/ZnO复合涂层
Figure 1. Preparation of GN/ZnO composites coating via chemical bath deposition
图 2 合成ZnO粉末及GN/ZnO杂化粉末的SEM图像
Figure 2. SEM image of ZnO powders and GN/ZnO hybrid powders
图 9 GN/ZnO复合材料强电磁场响应测试装置图
Figure 9. Pulse field response test device for GN/ZnO composites
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