旋翼无人机邻近雷击电磁场效应分析

赵青晨; 付尚琛; 石立华

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202537.250127

旋翼无人机邻近雷击电磁场效应分析

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250127

赵青晨^{1, 2,},
付尚琛^1, ,,
石立华¹

1.
陆军工程大学电磁环境效应与光电工程国家级重点实验室，南京 210007
2.
南京理工大学机械工程学院，南京 210014

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(52005509)；江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20200586)；电磁环境效应与光电工程国家级重点实验室基金项目（6142206200102, 61422062303）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵青晨，207300685@qq.com

通讯作者:
付尚琛，fshangchen@sina.com。

中图分类号: O441.5
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-04-08
- 修回日期: 2025-09-02
- 录用日期: 2025-09-01
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-15

Analysis of the electromagnetic field effect of proximity lightning strikes by rotary-wing UAV

Zhao Qingchen^{1, 2
,},
Fu Shangchen^{1
, ,},
Shi Lihua¹

1.
National key laboratory of electromagnetic environmental effects and electro-optical engineering, Army engineering university of PLA, Nanjing, 210007, China
2.
School of mechanical engineering, Nanjing university of science and technology, Nanjing, 210094, China

摘要

摘要: 随着旋翼无人机在空中雷暴电场探测等领域的应用变得越来越广泛，其在邻近雷击环境下的适应性问题也变得越来越突出。利用邻近雷击脉冲电场和脉冲磁场模拟装置，对无人机内部线缆的耦合效应进行了测试，获取了不同模块的连接线在邻近雷击脉冲电场和磁场作用下的耦合电流波形。结果表明，在邻近雷击脉冲电场作用下，无人机内部各模块之间的连接线都会耦合出较大电流，其中电机与电子调速器之间的电流峰值最高，达到了12 A；脉冲磁场对各连接线缆的耦合效应主要集中在脉冲电压信号上升沿段，电流波形变化更快。研究结果可为无人机的邻近雷击防护设计提供借鉴。
- 旋翼无人机 /
- 邻近雷击 /
- 脉冲电磁场 /
- 耦合效应
Abstract: Background
With the increasing application of rotorcraft drones in fields such as airborne detection of thunderstorm electromagnetic fields, their operational safety in near-lightning environments has drawn widespread attention. The intense electromagnetic pulses generated by nearby lightning strikes can induce coupled currents in the internal cables of drones, thereby posing a risk of damage to the drone system.
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the electromagnetic coupling effects of nearby lightning pulse electromagnetic fields on the internal cables of rotorcraft drones and to evaluate and analyze the induced currents generated on different functional modules.
Methods
By simulating near-lightning pulse electromagnetic field environments experimentally, under various conditions including electric field strengths of 240 kV, 280 kV, and 320 kV, and magnetic field strengths ranging from 80 to 1600 A/m, induced current measurements were conducted on key internal cables connected to the motor, electronic speed controller (ESC), flight control module, GPS, and receiver.
Results
The experimental results show that under pulsed electric fields, all tested cables exhibited significant induced currents, with the highest peak current of 12 A occurring between the motor and the ESC. Pulsed magnetic fields mainly induced currents during the voltage signal rise phase, reaching a peak value of 0.18 A under the 1600 A/m condition.
Conclusions
When operating in a near-lightning environment, drones generate induced currents, which pose certain risks to their normal operation. Therefore, certain protective measures are necessary for critical modules such as GPS and key cables. Owing to time constraints, this study did not further analyze the impact of near-lightning electromagnetic environments on data links, and the influence of drone cable layout on induced currents warrants further investigation.
- rotary-wing UAV /
- proximity lightning strikes /
- pulsed electromagnetic fields /
- coupling effects

HTML全文

图 1 邻近雷击脉冲电场模拟装置

Figure 1. Adjacent lightning pulse electric field simulator

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图 2 全波电压波形

Figure 2. Full-wave voltage waveform

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图 3 无人机内部线缆布置图

Figure 3. Diagram of the internal cable layout of the drone

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图 4 无人机线缆感应电流测量设置

Figure 4. Measurement settings of induced current of UAV cables

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图 5 无人机线缆全波耦合电流对比

Figure 5. Comparison of full-wave coupling currents of UAV cables

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图 6 无人机线缆截断波耦合结果耦合电流对比

Figure 6. Comparison of coupling currents of UAV cable truncation wave coupling results

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图 7 无人机线缆全波感应电流信号分析结果

Figure 7. Analysis results of full-wave induced current signal of UAV cable

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图 8 无人机线缆截断波感应电流信号分析结果

Figure 8. Analysis results of the interception wave induced current signal of the UAV cable

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图 9 实验原理图

Figure 9. Experimental schematic

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图 10 测试装置图

Figure 10. Diagram of the test setup

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图 11 邻近雷击脉冲磁场测试波形

Figure 11. Adjacent lightning pulse magnetic field test waveform

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图 12 不同磁场强度等级下蜂鸣器顺时针270°旋翼的耦合电流波形测量结果

Figure 12. Measurement results of the coupled current waveform of the buzzer clockwise 270° rotor at different magnetic field strength levels

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图 13 场强1600 A/m时不同测量位置的耦合电流波形测量结果

Figure 13. Measurement results of coupled current waveforms at different measurement positions with a field strength of 1600 A/m

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表 1 线型参数

Table 1. Linear parameters

linear	inner core material	outer core material	cable diameter/mm
single	Cu	PVC	1.5
cable	Cu	PE	2.5
twisted pair	Cu	PE	2.0
three twisted threads	Cu	PE	2.0

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表 2 不同位置耦合电流峰值测量结果

Table 2. Measurement results of coupling current peaks at different locations

location	coupled current peak/A
location	80 (A∙m⁻¹)	400 (A∙m⁻¹)	800 (A∙m⁻¹)	1200(A∙m⁻¹)	1600(A∙m⁻¹)
the rotor where the buzzer is located	0.007	0.04	0.074	0.11	0.144
buzzer position rotor 90° clockwise	0.008	0.054	0.097	0.139	0.161
buzzer position rotor 180° clockwise	0.006	0.034	0.064	0.09	0.126
buzzer position rotor 270° clockwise	0.009	0.049	0.092	0.135	0.163
power Loop	0.008	0.04	0.092	0.146	0.182
GPS cable	0.007	0.041	0.08	0.114	0.151

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