空间目标光学散射特性计算方法研究

张玉双; 谢晓钢; 苏华; 张飞舟; 李果

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202537.250133

空间目标光学散射特性计算方法研究

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250133

北京应用物理与计算数学研究所，北京 100094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(52103073)

详细信息

作者简介:
张玉双，zhang_yushuang@iapcm.ac.cn

通讯作者:
苏　华，su_hua@iapcm.ac.cn。

中图分类号: O433.1
计量
- 文章访问数: 51
- HTML全文浏览量: 52
- PDF下载量: 2
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-15
- 修回日期: 2025-07-21
- 录用日期: 2025-07-21
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-29

Research on calculation method for optical scattering characteristics of space target

Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China

摘要

摘要: 光学散射特性是空间目标的重要特征，在目标识别和探测系统中起着非常重要的作用。针对空间目标仿真渲染需求，以及传统目标光学散射特性方法仅给出目标光学散射截面（OCS）、散射特性或模拟目标图像等不足，对空间目标光学散射特性计算进行了较全面研究，给出了空间目标光学散射特性计算流程，给出了目标OCS、目标辐照度、天光背景亮度、目标星等、信噪比和探测概率等计算公式，根据太阳辐射特性、相对于站址位置、天地背景球辐射特性等，利用图形处理单元（GPU）和着色语言实现任意时刻目标光学散射特性计算（目标OCS、探测器接收到的目标反射光功率和背景光功率、目标星等、信噪比和探测概率、模拟目标亮度图像等）。通过球体和圆柱体实验验证了目标OCS计算正确性。通过光学散射特性仿真实验，给出了空间目标在不同站址、不同反射特性和不同探测窗口下目标光学散射特性计算结果，结果表明，目标光学散射特性计算结果合理。给出了全套计算公式、计算参数和计算结果，对空间目标光学散射特性计算、目标图像识别等研究提供了参考。
- 光学散射特性 /
- 空间目标 /
- 微元划分 /
- 着色语言 /
- 快速计算
Abstract: Background
Optical scattering characteristics are crucial features of space targets and play a vital role in target recognition and detection systems. Traditional methods are limited in simulating optical scattering properties -which only provide optical cross-section (OCS), scattering characteristics, or synthetic target images.
Purpose
To address the above limitations and meet requirements of rendering spatial target, this paper conducts a comprehensive study on the computational modeling of optical scattering characteristics for space targets.
Methods
A systematic workflow is proposed, along with formulas for calculating target OCS, target irradiance, sky background luminance, target magnitude, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and detection probability. By integrating solar radiation properties, observer-site positioning, and celestial-terrestrial background sphere radiation characteristics, a graphics processing unit (GPU) accelerated framework combined with shading languages is implemented to compute time-dependent optical scattering properties, including target OCS, detector-received target/background optical power, target magnitude, SNR, detection probability, and synthetic brightness imagery.
Results
Experimental validation using spherical and cylindrical objects confirms the accuracy of the OCS calculations. Simulations under varying observer locations, reflective properties, and detection windows demonstrate the rationality of the computed optical scattering characteristics.
Conclusions
This study provides a complete set of formulas, parameters, and results, offering significant value for research on space target optical scattering modeling and image-based recognition.
- optical scattering characteristics /
- space target /
- micro-element subdivision /
- shading language /
- rapid computation

HTML全文

图 1 空间目标光学散射特性计算流程图

Figure 1. Flowchart for calculating optical scattering characteristics of space targets

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 球体OCS理论值与计算值曲线图

Figure 2. Comparison of theoretical and simulated OCS values for a sphere

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图 3 圆柱体OCS理论值与计算值

Figure 3. Comparison of theoretical and simulated OCS values for a cylinder

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图 4 卫星简化模型

Figure 4. Simplified satellite model

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图 5 卫星轨道及站址

Figure 5. Satellite orbit and station site

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图 6 黑河站目标光学散射特性计算结果

Figure 6. Calculation results of optical scattering characteristics of targets at Heihe station

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图 7 佳木斯站和长春站目标光学散射特性计算结果

Figure 7. Calculation results of optical scattering characteristics of targets at Jiamusi station and Changchun station

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表 2 轨道参数

Table 2. Parameters of satellite orbit

a/km	e	$ \omega $/(°)	I/(°)	$ {\mathit{\Omega}} $/(°)	M/(°)
7237.394	0.001555	187.7263	98.7169	85.7864	172.364

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 探测器参数

Table 3. Parameters of detector

central wavelength/μm	spectral width/m	QE	sampling period/s	aperture/m	FFOV/(°)	PFA
550	20	0.8	0.01	1	0.133	0.01

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表 1 站址信息

Table 1. Parameters of station

station	longitude/(°)	latitude/(°)	altitude/m
Heihe	100.14	38.01	1143.0
Changchun	125.26	43.47	1143.0
Jiamusi	130.78	46.50	1143.0

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表 4 目标表面材质BRDF参数

Table 4. BRDF parameters of target surface materials

material	$ {K_{\mathrm{d}}} $	$ {K_{\mathrm{s}}} $	$ {A_0} $	$ {A_1} $	B
silver film	0.2873	291.8351	4053.5	1.3118	0.7435
white paint	0.2512	2.8358	897.9647	2.7264	2.4693
GaAs	0.0428	23.0067	2122.5	2.1124	4.8569

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表 5 窗口信息

Table 5. Window information

station	start time	end time	overhead time	maximum elevation/（°）
Heihe	10:38:18	10:45:00	10:41:39	41.2860
Changchun	18:41:55	18:48:57	18:45:26	44.9339
Jiamusi	18:41:56	18:45:52	18:49:48	74.7703

下载: 导出CSV

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