微波参数对金属腔体强耦合覆盖率的影响研究

曹垒; 冯溪溪; 陈自东; 戈弋; 赵刚; 赵景涛

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202537.250138

微波参数对金属腔体强耦合覆盖率的影响研究

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250138

曹垒^{1, 2,},
冯溪溪^{1, 2},
陈自东^{1, 2},
戈弋^{1, 2},
赵刚^{1, 2},
赵景涛^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所，四川绵阳 621900
2.
先进激光与高功率微波全国重点实验室，四川绵阳 621900

基金项目: 科学挑战专题项目

详细信息

作者简介:
曹　垒，1362991722@qq.com

通讯作者:
赵景涛，sduzjt.@foxmail.com。

中图分类号: TN98
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- 文章访问数: 13
- HTML全文浏览量: 6
- PDF下载量: 0
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-16
- 修回日期: 2025-09-04
- 录用日期: 2025-08-20
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-13

Effect of microwave parameters on the coverage of strong-coupled region of metal cavity

Cao Lei^{1, 2
,},
Feng Xixi^{1, 2},
Chen Zidong^{1, 2},
Ge Yi^{1, 2},
Zhao Gang^{1, 2},
Zhao Jingtao^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Institute of Applied Electronics, CAEP , Mianyang 621900, China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Laser and High Power Microwave, Mianyang 621900, China

摘要

摘要: 针对精确评估目标高功率微波后门耦合效应困难的问题，本文以典型金属腔体为对象，提出“强耦合区域覆盖率”指标，采用时域有限差分法（FDTD）建立仿真模型，分析了高功率微波波形参数对后门耦合效应的影响。研究发现：腔体固有谐振频率下强耦合覆盖率显著高于非谐振频率；脉冲宽度增至特定值时，谐振频率下覆盖率趋于稳定；极化角从水平向垂直变化时，覆盖率有显著变化；叠加不同谐振频率可填补非强耦合区域空白，进一步提高覆盖率；脉冲前沿对覆盖率影响较小。该研究可为高功率微波后门耦合效应机理及参数优化提供关键技术支撑。
- 强耦合区域覆盖率 /
- 金属腔体 /
- 时域有限差分法 /
- 高功率微波参数 /
- 后门耦合效应
Abstract: Background
High-power microwave (HPM) pulses, which can interfere with or damage electronic components and circuits, have attracted considerable research interest in recent years. Aperture coupling represents a primary mechanism for such pulses to penetrate shielded metallic enclosures, significantly affecting the electromagnetic compatibility and resilience of electronic systems. Although substantial studies have focused on shielding effectiveness and resonant behaviors, the spatial distribution of coupling parameters—particularly the extent of strongly coupled regions within the cavity—remains inadequately investigated. This paper proposes a quantitative metric termed “the coverage rate of strong-coupled region” to better evaluate HPM backdoor coupling effects.
Purpose
The objective is to systematically examine the influence of key HPM waveform parameters on this coverage rate within a representative metallic cavity.
Methods
A three-dimensional simulation model of a rectangular metallic cavity with an aperture was developed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The internal field distribution was monitored via an array of electric field probes. Numerical simulations were performed to assess the effects of various HPM parameters, including frequency, pulse width, the pulse rise time, and polarization angle, on the coverage of strongly coupled regions. The coverage rate was markedly higher at the cavity’s inherent resonant frequencies than at non-resonant frequencies.
Results
Increasing the pulse width led to a saturation of coverage beyond a specific threshold. Variations in polarization angle from horizontal to vertical considerably enhanced the coverage, with vertical polarization yielding the maximum value. Superimposing multiple resonant frequencies effectively compensated for weakly coupled areas, further increasing the overall coverage. In contrast, the pulse rise time had a negligible effect on the coverage rate. The proposed the coverage rate of strong-coupled region effectively addresses the practical dilemma wherein strong local coupling does not necessarily lead to significant system-level effects.
Conclusions
This metric provides a quantitative basis for optimizing the alignment between sensitive components and highly coupled zones. Frequency and polarization are identified as decisive parameters for enhancing coupling effectiveness, while pulse width and multi-frequency excitation can be utilized to achieve more uniform and robust coupling coverage. These findings offer valuable guidance for the design and assessment of HPM protection measures and electromagnetic compatibility analysis.
- the coverage rate of strong-coupled region /
- metallic cavity /
- finite-difference time-domain method /
- HPM parameters /
- backdoor coupling effects

HTML全文

图 1 典型金属腔体结构仿真模型及电场探针分布

Figure 1. simulation model of a typical simplified metallic cavity

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图 2 典型的冲击脉冲波形与频谱分布

Figure 2. Typical waveform and spectrum distribution of wide-band HPM pulses

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图 3 腔体内部探针（0 0 0）处耦合电场分布

Figure 3. Distribution of coupled electric field at probe (0 0 0) inside the cavity

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图 4 不同脉冲宽度腔体内部探针（0 0 0）处耦合电场分布

Figure 4. Distribution of coupled electric field at probe (0 0 0) inside the cavity with different pulse width

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图 5 腔体内部yoz平面不同工作频率点探针耦合电场分布

Figure 5. the distribution of coupling electric field of probes on different frequencies in the cavity yoz plane

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表 1 腔体内部强耦合区域覆盖率和频率的关系

Table 1. Relationship between coverage rate and frequency of strong coupling region in cavity

frequency/GHz	maximum value of coupled electric field/(V/m)
1.12	7.67
2.91	4.75
4.63	4.95
5.74	4.31
6.17	4.10
8.60	4.87
8.84	6.42
10.16	5.32
11.77	9.37
1	1.916
2	1.518
3	1.499
5	1.260
7	1.551
9	2.197
10	2.562

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表 2 脉冲宽度与腔体内部强耦合区域覆盖率的关系@1.12 GHz

Table 2. Relationship between pulse width and coverage rate of strong coupling region inside cavity @1.12 GHz

Width of pulse/(ns)	Maximum value of coupled electric field/(V/m)	Number of strong coupling regions inside the cavity	η(f)/%
10	1.99	200	40
20	3.54	384	57.6
40	5.92	384	76.8
60	7.39	420	84
80	8.09	440	88
100	8.10	440	88
120	8.10	440	88
150	8.10	440	88

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表 3 脉冲宽度与腔体内部强耦合区域覆盖率的关系@3 GHz

Table 3. Relationship between pulse width and coverage rate of strong coupling region inside cavity @3 GHz

Width of pulse/(ns)	Maximum value of coupled electric field/(V/m)	Number of strong coupling regions inside the cavity	η(f)/%
10	1.36	86	16.8
20	1.53	124	24.8
40	1.53	122	24.4
60	1.53	122	24.4
80	1.53	122	24.4
100	1.53	122	24.4
120	1.53	122	24.4
150	1.53	122	24.4

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表 4 激励信号脉冲前沿与腔体内部强耦合区域覆盖率的关系@1.12GHz

Table 4. Relationship between pulse rising edge and coverage rate of strong coupling region inside cavity @1.12GHz

pulse rising edge /(ns)	Maximum value of coupled electric field/(V/m)	Number of strong coupling regions inside the cavity	η(f)/%
0	8.10	440	88.0
2	8.10	440	88.0
5	8.10	436	87.2
8	8.10	436	87.2
10	8.10	432	86.4
15	8.10	428	85.6
20	8.08	428	85.6
25	8.03	416	83.2
30	7.97	416	83.2

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表 5 腔体内部强耦合区域覆盖率和频率的关系

Table 5. Relationship between coverage rate and frequency of strong coupling region in cavity

frequency/ (GHz)	Maximum value of coupled electric field/(V/m)	Number of strong coupling regions inside the cavity	η(f)/%
1.12	8.10	440	88.0
2.91	3.31	270	54.0
4.63	3.43	252	50.4
5.74	3.11	450	90.0
6.17	2.35	164	32.8
8.60	4.70	296	59.2
8.84	1.59	96	19.2
10.16	1.78	126	25.2
11.77	5.19	340	68.0
1	1.92	6	1.2
2	1.52	16	3.2
3	1.50	122	24.4
5	1.26	18	3.6
7	1.55	44	8.8
9	2.20	184	36.8
10	2.56	198	39.6

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表 6 极化方向与腔体内部强耦合区域覆盖率的关系@1.12GHz

Table 6. Relationship between Polarization direction and coverage rate of strong coupling region inside cavity @1.12GHz

Polarization angle /(°)	Maximum value of coupled electric field/(V/m)	Number of strong coupling regions inside the cavity	η(f)/%
0	1.09	20	4.00
10	1.59	186	37.20
20	2.80	276	55.20
30	4.08	360	72.00
40	5.24	382	76.40
50	6.24	392	78.40
60	7.05	410	82.00
70	7.65	424	84.80
80	8.02	436	87.20
90	8.10	440	88.00
左旋圆极化	5.76	384	76.80
右旋圆极化	5.76	384	76.80

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