Research progress on wettability of laser-textured aluminum alloy surfaces
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摘要: 作为轻量化设计的战略材料,铝合金凭借其低比重、耐腐蚀和良好的低温特性,在海洋装备、航空航天及交通运输领域中占据重要地位。值得注意的是,表面润湿特性作为铝合金功能化应用的关键界面参数,直接影响其工程服役性能。近年来,基于激光毛化织构的表面润湿性调控技术突破传统化学改性局限,为铝合金表面功能化提供了新的思路。本文系统阐释了润湿性基础理论体系,包括Young氏模型、Wenzel模型和Cassie-Baxter模型,分析了超短脉冲激光和长脉冲激光体系在铝合金表面仿生功能化构建中的应用差异,其中超短脉冲激光(飞秒/皮秒)凭借其极短脉宽和超高峰值功率的特性可实现亚微米级精密织构,而长脉冲激光则在大面积加工效率方面具有优势。研究显示,此类功能化表面在表面自清洁、低温防覆冰、耐Cl−腐蚀、高效沸腾传热、粘接及微流控等领域展现出显著优势,然而其实际应用仍受限于润湿稳定性衰退和环境耐受性不足等关键技术瓶颈。Abstract: As a strategic material for lightweight design, aluminum alloys occupy an important position in the fields of marine equipment, aerospace, and transportation due to their low specific gravity, corrosion resistance, and good low-temperature properties. It is worth noting that surface wettability, as a key interface parameter for the functionalization of aluminum alloys, directly affects their engineering service performance. In recent years, surface wettability control technology based on laser texturing has broken through the limitations of traditional chemical modification and provided new ideas for the functionalization of aluminum alloy surfaces. This article systematically explains the basic theoretical system of wettability, including the Young model, the Wenzel model, and the Cassie-Baxter model, and analyzes the differences in the application of ultrashort pulse lasers and long pulse laser systems in the construction of biomimetic functionalization of aluminum alloy surfaces. Among them, ultrashort pulse lasers (femtosecond/picosecond) can achieve submicron-level precision texturing due to their extremely short pulse width and ultra-high peak power, while long pulse lasers have advantages in large-area processing efficiency. Research has shown that these functionalized surfaces exhibit significant advantages in areas such as surface self-cleaning, low-temperature anti-icing, Cl− corrosion resistance, efficient boiling heat transfer, bonding, and microfluidics. However, their practical application is still limited by key technical bottlenecks such as wetting stability degradation and insufficient environmental tolerance.
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Key words:
- laser surface texturing /
- aluminum alloy /
- wettability /
- biomimetic /
- micro-nano composite structure
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表 1 超疏水性表面长效稳定性策略
Table 1. Strategies for long-term stability of superhydrophobic surfaces
team time optimization strategy stability improvement effect references Gou Yanqiang 2022 liquid nitrogen-assisted ultrasonic laser etching hardness increased by 18% and wear
rate reduced by 50%[78] Boinovich, et al. 2017 multiple laser treatment + fluorosilane modification immersed in 3M KCl for 30 d, corrosion
current <10−7 A/cm2[79] Lu, et al. 2025 self-healing coating design the contact angle recovery rate is more than
95% within 24 h after scratching[80] Xu, et al. 2022 multi-level structure contact angle >150° after 30 d of salt spray corrosion and no failure after 50 thermal shocks [81] Li, et al. 2018 bionic microgroove array contact angle decay under external force <1.1° [82] 表 2 超亲水性表面长效稳定性策略
Table 2. Strategies for long-term stability of superhydrophilic surfaces
team time optimization strategy stability improvement effect references Samanta, et al. 2020 pseudoboehmite (AlOOH) nanostructure contact angle <10° after 30 d [42] Holder, et al. 2025 laser treatment + PECVD oil-water separation efficiency >95% in 120 h [74] Samanta, et al. 2021 laser treatment + multiple chemistry modification capillary super wicking with contact angle $ \approx 0 $° [83] Jiang, et al. 2023 multiple laser treatment improved bonding strength [84] -
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