Design of an ultra-wideband array direction finding system
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摘要: 随着电子侦察、通信及雷达领域的发展，测向系统向高精度、宽频段、大动态、实时性方向提出了更高的要求。针对测向系统的宽频段需求，设计了一种20 MHz～40 GHz超宽频段范围的多通道阵列测向系统，详细介绍了系统的硬件组成和测向原理，以及系统的接收机、天线阵列、测向算法的设计实现过程。该测向系统基于多阵列天线采用空间谱测向体制进行测向，可实现20 MHz～40 GHz频段范围、瞬时最大带宽1 GHz的测向任务。测向系统已在项目中得以应用和验证。Abstract:
Background With the advancement of electronic reconnaissance, communication, and radar technologies, direction-finding systems are facing increasingly higher demands for high precision, wide frequency coverage, large dynamic range, and real-time performance.Purpose To address these developmental needs of direction-finding systems, this paper aims to design an ultra-wideband array direction-finding system. The objectives include achieving key specifications such as a frequency range of 20 MHz to 40 GHz, a maximum instantaneous bandwidth of 1 GHz, and a direction-finding accuracy better than 5 degrees across the entire frequency band, adapting to wide-range usage scenarios in communication, radar, and other fields.Methods The ultra-wideband array direction-finding system employs a spatial spectrum direction-finding mechanism. This is realized through the detailed design and implementation of hardware components, including a multi-channel direction-finding receiver and a multi-layer antenna array, along with software implementation based on spatial spectrum direction-finding algorithms.Results The designed ultra-wideband array direction-finding system achieves an ultra-wide frequency range of 20 MHz to 40 GHz, supports direction-finding tasks with a maximum instantaneous bandwidth of 1 GHz, delivers a direction-finding accuracy better than 3 degrees across the entire band, and possesses the capability to handle three or more same-frequency signals simultaneously.Conclusions The ultra-wideband array direction-finding system significantly enhances core performance parameters such as frequency range, instantaneous bandwidth, and direction-finding accuracy. Systems with similar architectures have been successfully deployed in multiple large-scale projects, demonstrating their feasibility and scalability through practical applications. -
图 1 超宽频段阵列测向系统框图
Figure 1. Block diagram of an ultra-wideband array-based direction finding system
图 8 超宽频段测向系统实物图
Figure 8. Physical prototype photo of an ultra-wideband direction finding system
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