Engineering computational model for high-altitude atmospheric X-ray ionization
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摘要: 建立了高空大气X射线辐射电离的工程计算模型，模型考虑了X射线与大气作用产生的高能电子在地磁场中的输运及电离大气问题，相较传统的射线能量沉积模型提高了计算精度。利用该模型分析了爆炸高度、纬度和当量对电离密度分布的影响规律，结果表明：由于高能电子输运的影响，电离密度分布丧失了对称性；电离密度分布在经过爆心垂直于磁力线方向有明显增强；爆高越大，高海拔位置电离密度变大，高能电子输运带来的影响在高海拔区域变小，低海拔位置电离密度变小；当量对电离密度的数值有较大影响，但对电离密度的相对分布影响较小。Abstract:
Background More than 70% of the energy from a high-altitude nuclear explosion is transmitted via X-ray radiation, which serves as the primary source of atmospheric ionization. When the detonation altitude of a high-altitude nuclear explosion exceeds 80 kilometers, the absorption of X-rays by air weakens. Consequently, X-rays can propagate over a wide range and gradually dissipate their energy through the ionization of the atmosphere. The atmospheric ionization effect of X-rays causes drastic fluctuations in the electron density within the Earth's ionosphere. This, in turn, leads to significant changes in the signals of electromagnetic waves as they pass through the ionosphere, thereby exerting adverse impacts on systems such as satellites, radars, and communications. However, there are currently still problems such as slow calculation speed and incomplete model considerations in the calculation of the atmospheric ionization effect caused by high-altitude X-rays.Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a new engineering method for calculating the X-ray atmospheric ionization process in the high-altitude rarefied atmosphere.Methods The model accounts for the transport of high-energy electrons (generated by the interaction between X-rays and the atmosphere) in the geomagnetic field as well as the atmospheric ionization issue, and performs an averaging process on the microscopic interaction processes.Results Compared with traditional ray energy deposition models, it improves the calculation accuracy.Conclusions This model was used to analyze the influence laws of explosion altitude, latitude, and yield on the ionization density distribution. The results show that: Due to the influence of high-energy electron transport, the symmetry of the ionization density distribution is lost; The ionization density distribution is significantly enhanced in the direction passing through the explosion center and perpendicular to the magnetic field lines;The higher the explosion altitude, the greater the ionization density at high-altitude positions, while the influence caused by high-energy electron transport becomes smaller in high-altitude regions, and the ionization density at low-altitude positions decreases;The yield has a significant impact on the numerical value of the ionization density, but has a relatively small impact on the relative distribution of the ionization density. -
图 2 算例2中子午面上电离密度分布， 红线是磁力线
Figure 2. Distribution of ionization density on the meridional surface in case 2, the red line is the line of magnetic force
图 1 算例1中子午面上电离密度分布，红线是磁力线
Figure 1. Distribution of ionization density on the meridional surface in case 1, the red line is the line of magnetic force
图 3 算例3中子午面上电离密度分布，红线是磁力线
Figure 3. Distribution of ionization density on the meridional surface in case 3, the red line is the line of magnetic force
图 4 算例4中子午面上电离密度分布，红线是磁力线
Figure 4. Distribution of ionization density on the meridional surface in case 4, the red line is the line of magnetic force
图 5 算例5中子午面上电离密度分布， 红线是磁力线
Figure 5. Distribution of ionization density on the meridional surface in case 5, the red line is the line of magnetic force
图 6 算例6中子午面上电离密度分布， 红线是磁力线
Figure 6. Distribution of ionization density on the meridional surface in case 6, the red line is the line of magnetic force
图 7 算例7中子午面上电离密度分布， 红线是磁力线
Figure 7. Distribution of ionization density on the meridional surface in case 7, the red line is the line of magnetic force
表 1 计算条件
Table 1. Computational conditions
case id detonation
altitude/kmdetonation
yield/ktdetonation
latitude1 150 100 N30° 2 250 100 N30° 3 350 100 N30° 4 250 10 N30° 5 250 1000 N30° 6 250 100 N15° 7 250 100 N45° 8 250 100 N30° 
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