电磁参数对Ka波段大回旋电子枪的影响研究

李宁; 王峨锋; 雷朝军; 高东硕; 赵其祥; 雷子涵; 徐勇; 曾旭; 冯进军

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202537.250185

电磁参数对Ka波段大回旋电子枪的影响研究

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250185

1.
北京真空电子技术研究所微波电真空器件国家级重点实验室，北京 100015
2.
中国人民警察大学警务装备技术学院，河北廊坊 065000
3.
桂林电子科技大学信息与通信学院，广西桂林 541004
4.
电子科技大学电子科学与工程学院，成都 610054

详细信息

作者简介:
李　宁，lining8534@163.com

通讯作者:
王峨锋，zhuwang9428@sina.com。

中图分类号: TN124
计量
- 文章访问数: 29
- HTML全文浏览量: 10
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-06-25
- 修回日期: 2025-10-09
- 录用日期: 2025-09-27
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-24

Study on the influence of electromagnetic parameters in large-orbit gyrotron electron gun in Ka-band

1.
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Electronics, Beijing Vacuum Electronics Research Institute, Beijing 100015, China
2.
School of Police Equipment Technical, China People's Police University, Langfang 065000, China
3.
School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
4.
610054

摘要

摘要: 介绍了大回旋电子枪的形成理论，分析了电子注在非理想会切磁场中的运动过程，并利用CST和E-gun对电子枪进行建模和仿真分析。研究了磁场、工作电压、电流对大回旋电子注质量、轨迹的影响，为Ka波段二次谐波大回旋电子注回旋行波管实验测试寻找最佳工作点提供指导，同时降低电子枪在实验过程中的损坏风险。研究表明，电子枪的工作电压过低时，速度比较大，出现电子回轰的现象，对阴极不利；同时，阴极的反向磁场过高时，电子回旋半径过大，会导致电子轰击在电子枪壁上损坏电子枪。最后对比了两种软件的计算结果，分析了各自的特点。
- 电子枪 /
- 大回旋电子注 /
- 回旋行波管 /
- CUSP磁场 /
- E-gun /
- CST
Abstract: Background
Gyrotron traveling-wave tubes (gyro-TWTs), based on the electron cyclotron maser mechanism, are extensively utilized in critical military domains such as high-resolution millimeter-wave imaging radar, communications, and electronic countermeasures. Experimental observations indicate that when the cathode magnetic field exceeds a specific range, occur the electron beam bombardment of the tube wall.
Purpose
In order to reduce damage risks to the electron gun during experiments, provide guidance for identifying optimal operating points in experimental testing of Ka-band second-harmonic large-orbit gyrotron traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT).
Methods
This paper introduces the formation theory of large-orbit electron guns and analyzes the motion of electron beams in non-ideal CUSP magnetic fields. Using CST Particle Studio and E-gun software modeled and simulated the electron gun. The effects of magnetic fields, operating voltage, and beam current on the quality and trajectories of large-orbit electron beams were investigated.
Results
As the absolute value of the cathode magnetic field increases, both the velocity ratio and the Larmor radius increase, while the velocity spread decreases. With an increase in voltage, the velocity ratio decreases, and the Larmor radius drops to a minimum at a certain point before rising again. Variations in current have limited impact on the Larmor radius and the transverse-to-longitudinal velocity ratio; however, the electron-wave interaction efficiency reaches its maximum at the optimal operating current.
Conclusions
The study demonstrates that excessively low operating voltage leads to high transverse-to-longitudinal velocity ratios (α) and electron back-bombardment phenomena, which detrimentally affect the cathode. Therefore, within this voltage range (20–40 kV), the power supply voltage should be increased promptly. Conversely, excessively high reverse magnetic fields at the cathode result in oversized electron cyclotron radius, causing beam-wall bombardment and gun damage. To prevent electron beam bombardment of the tube wall, the cathode magnetic field should not exceed -85 Gs.
- electron gun /
- large-orbit electron beam /
- gyro-TWT /
- CUSP magnetic field /
- E-Gun /
- CST Particle Studio

HTML全文

图 1 CUSP磁场

Figure 1. CUSP magnetic field

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图 2 实现缓变CUSP磁场的主副线圈

Figure 2. Primary and secondary coils for realizing an adiabatic CUSP magnetic field

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图 3 副线圈电流与磁场关系曲线图

Figure 3. Curve Diagram of the Relationship between Secondary Coil Current and Magnetic Field

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图 4 电子枪结构示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of electron gun structure

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图 5 电子轰击上阳极导致阳极氧化发黑

Figure 5. Anode oxidation and blackening caused by electron bombardment

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图 6 阴极磁场对电子注指标的影响

Figure 6. Effect of cathode magnetic field on electron beam property

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图 7 电压、电流对电子注指标的影响

Figure 7. Effect of voltage and current on electron beam property

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表 1 电子枪工作参数

Table 1. Working parameters of the electron gun

U/kV I/A B0/Gs Rc/mm Bc/Gs $ \alpha $ $ {r}_{L} $/mm $ \mathrm{\delta }{\mathrm{v}}_{\perp } $/%

70 9 5100 11 −51 1.0 1.1 5

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 CST与E-gun仿真结果对比

Table 2. Comparison of CST and E-gun simulation results

simulator velocity ratio/% velocity spread/% electron cyclotron radius/mm

E-gun 0.900 0.045 1.17

CST 1.038 0.073 1.18

下载: 导出CSV

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