低能量强流高电荷态重离子加速器装置的建设与运行进展

翟雨 晗; 杨尧; 孙良 亭; 张博; 赵红 卫

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202537.250194

低能量强流高电荷态重离子加速器装置的建设与运行进展

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250194

翟雨晗^{1, 2, 3, ,},
杨尧¹,
孙良亭¹,
张博^{1, 3},
赵红卫¹

1.
中国科学院近代物理研究所，兰州 730000
2.
中国科学院近代物理研究所重离子科学与技术全国重点实验室，兰州 730000
3.
中国科学院大学核科学与技术学院，北京 100049

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(11427904); 中国科学院科学仪器开发项目(GJJSTD20210007); 国家自然科学基金资助项目(12505187)

详细信息

作者简介:
翟雨晗，E-mail：zhaiyuhan16@impcas.ac.cn

通讯作者:
翟雨晗，E-mail：zhaiyuhan16@impcas.ac.cn。

中图分类号: TL56
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- 文章访问数: 31
- HTML全文浏览量: 9
- PDF下载量: 4
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-07-03
- 修回日期: 2025-10-14
- 录用日期: 2025-10-08
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-25

Progress in the Construction and Commissioning of the LEAF Facility

Zhai Yuhan^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
Yang Yao¹,
Sun Liangting¹,
Zhang Bo^{1, 3},
Zhao Hongwei¹

1.
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
3.
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

摘要

摘要: 低能量强流高电荷态重离子加速器装置（LEAF）是中国科学院近代物理研究所承担的国家重大科研仪器项目，旨在构建一台具备高电荷态、高流强、全谱系离子加速能力的低能重离子综合实验装置。系统介绍了该装置的结构、核心部件设计参数及束流调控策略，并重点报告了装置试运行期间在束流加速能力、多离子混合束制备及低能散碳离子束调控等方面取得的代表性进展。截至目前，LEAF已累计为终端实验提供超过13 000小时束流支持，覆盖质荷比A/q=2～7的多种离子种类，实现了高电荷态、高流强重离子束流的稳定加速。平台构建了适用于协同辐照研究的“鸡尾酒束”运行模式，并建立了具备高流强与低能散特性的¹²C²⁺束流系统，用于伽莫夫能区核反应的精密测量。最后，文章结合终端实验需求，提出了装置未来的发展方向，包括调能系统拓展与三离子协同供束能力增强等，以期进一步提升平台对核天体物理、核能材料等领域的支撑能力。
- 重离子加速器 /
- 束流调试 /
- 鸡尾酒束 /
- 强流碳束 /
- 能量调控
Abstract:
The Low Energy High Intensity High Charge State Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (LEAF) is a national scientific instrument developed by the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, to provide high-current, high-charge-state, full-spectrum low-energy heavy ion beams for interdisciplinary studies.
Background
To meet research needs in nuclear astrophysics, atomic and molecular physics, and nuclear materials, LEAF offers tunable energies from 0.3 to 0.7 MeV/u and supports continuous-wave acceleration for ions with A/q = 2-7.
Purpose
This paper presents an overview of the construction progress, key design parameters, and operational performance of the facility, summarizing recent achievements and outlining future development goals.
Methods
The paper introduces the system architecture—comprising the 45 GHz superconducting ECR ion source FECR, RFQ, IH-DTL, and terminal beamlines—and describes beam commissioning and diagnostic approaches.
Results
LEAF has successfully achieved stable acceleration of multi-species, high-charge-state heavy ion beams with intensities up to 1 emA. It has delivered more than 13,000 hours of beam time, realized efficient operation of“cocktail”multi-ion beams, and established a high-current, low-energy-spread ¹²C²⁺ beamline for precise reaction measurements in the Gamow window.
Conclusions
These results verify LEAF’s excellent beam quality and operational reliability. Planned upgrades—including an extended energy tuning range and triple-ion beam capability—will further enhance its role as a frontier platform for experimental studies in nuclear astrophysics and radiation effects in advanced materials.
- heavy ion accelerator /
- beam control /
- cocktail beam /
- high current carbon ion beam /
- energy tuning

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图 1 LEAF平台布局图

Figure 1. Layout of the LEAF platform

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图 2 T1终端布局图

Figure 2. Layout of experimental terminal 1

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图 3 T2终端布局图

Figure 3. Layout of experimental terminal 2

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图 4 LEAF装置试运行期间不同类型实验任务的时间占比

Figure 4. Categorized time allocation of experiments conducted at LEAF during its commissioning

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图 5 加速¹⁶O⁶⁺流强大于1.0 emA时的RFQ效率测量。传输效率约90%，加速效率约87%

Figure 5. RFQ efficiency measurement when the accelerated ¹⁶O⁶⁺ current is stronger than 1.0 emA. The transmission efficiency is approximately 90%, and the acceleration efficiency is about 87%

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图 6 毫安级强流O⁶⁺重离子束流的初始发射度测量（左：水平方向；右：垂直方向）

Figure 6. The initial emittance measurement of a milliampere-class high-current O⁶⁺ heavy ion beam (left: horizontal direction; right: vertical direction)

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图 7 毫安级强流O⁶⁺重离子束流的能散度测量（通过QWR腔体抑制，1σ能散度约为0.115%）

Figure 7. Measurement of the energy spread of a milliampere-class high-current O⁶⁺ heavy ion beam (suppressed by the QWR cavity, with a 1σ energy spread of approximately 0.115%)

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图 8 硅探测器对H₂⁺和⁴He²⁺束流的分辨，粒子数比H:He约为1:10

Figure 8. H₂⁺ and ⁴He²⁺ beam resolution by silicon detector, The number of particle ratio H:He is approximately 1:10

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图 9 强流碳离子束线布局图

Figure 9. Layout of high-current carbon ion beamline

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图 10 强流碳离子束的能散测量

Figure 10. Measurement of ΔE/E of high current C²⁺ ion beam

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图 11 LEAF装置能量范围扩展方案布局图

Figure 11. Layout of the energy range expansion scheme for the LEAF platform

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图 12 (a)扫描轨迹，(b)束斑中心在X方向的位移波形，(c)束斑中心在Y方向的位移波形(扫描频率分别为X方向98 Hz和Y方向96 Hz)

Figure 12. The (a) Scanning trace (b) displacement waveform in the x direction and (c) displacement waveform in the y direction of the beam spot center at the scanning frequency of 98 Hz (X) & 96 Hz (Y)

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表 1 FECR 主要设计参数

Table 1. The main design parameters of FECR

operating frequency /GHz	RF power /kW	magnet coils	mirror fields/T	B_rad	chamber ID/mm	mirror length/mm
28～45	＞ 20	Nb₃Sn	～6.4	～3.2	～Ø140	～500

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表 2 LEAF-RFQ 主要设计参数

Table 2. The main design parameters of LEAF-RFQ

duty cycle	operating frequency/MHz	resonant type	input particle energy/(keV·u⁻¹)	output particle energy/(keV·u⁻¹)	M/q range	length of the RFQ vane/cm	maximum vane voltage/kV
100% (CW mode)	81.25	4～vane	14	500	2 (H₂⁺)～7 (²³⁸U³⁴⁺)	～596.4	70

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表 3 IH-DTL主要设计参数

Table 3. The main design parameters of IH-DTL

duty cycle	operating frequency/MHz	number of gaps	Gap/mm	tube length/mm	maximum gap voltage/kV	input particle energy/(keV·u⁻¹)	output particle energy/(keV·u⁻¹)	cavity length/mm
100% (CW mode)	81.25	8	25.96	32	195	500	300～700	～563.7

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