复杂电磁环境下无人机作战效能建模与仿真验证

嵇闰则; 王柯; 牛佳鑫; 范贤栋

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202537.250205

复杂电磁环境下无人机作战效能建模与仿真验证

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250205

中国人民解放军 32399部队，南京 210000

详细信息

作者简介:
嵇闰则，jrz15651027996@126.com

中图分类号: TP391.9
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- 文章访问数: 20
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-07-10
- 修回日期: 2025-09-02
- 录用日期: 2025-08-21
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-13

Modeling the impact of complex electromagnetic environments on UAV combat effectiveness

Unit 32399 of the PLA, Nanjing 210000, China

摘要

摘要: 为分析复杂电磁环境对无人机作战效能的影响，建立“复杂度特征-子系统性能-作战能力”三层评估体系。首先区分电磁环境的复杂度特征为时间占用度、频谱占用度、空间占用度及信号密度，并采用层次分析法确定特征权重，其次分解出通信可靠性、导航精度等7项无人机子系统性能指标与任务能力、生存能力、响应能力及抗干扰能力4项作战能力，并建立三者的耦合关系模型，然后通过归一化处理与敏感系数聚合推导出作战效能量化公式，表明电磁复杂度与无人机作战效能呈显著负相关，最后基于MATLAB软件构建复杂电磁战场环境，对不同电磁环境下无人机的作战效能进行仿真，进一步论证结果，并证明相同电磁环境下抗干扰能力强的无人机作战效能更优秀。
- UAV作战效能 /
- 复杂电磁环境 /
- 效能评估模型 /
- 环境-效能映射 /
- 抗干扰能力验证
Abstract: Background
Modern battlefields are increasingly characterized by complex electromagnetic environments (EME), posing significant challenges to unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operational effectiveness.
Purpose
To address this issue, this study aims to quantitatively evaluate how complex EME affects UAV operational effectiveness using a multi-level framework, incorporating defined key metrics including anti-jamming capability verification.
Methods
A three-tier evaluation model was developed, incorporating EME complexity, subsystem performance, and operational capabilities. EME complexity was characterized by four metrics weighted via AHP. Critical subsystem indicators—such as communication reliability and navigation accuracy—and operational capabilities like mission execution and anti-jamming performance were causally mapped within an environment-effectiveness mapping. This mapping enabled the model to be normalized and integrated using sensitivity coefficients, and stochastic jamming scenarios were simulated in MATLAB to validate the approach.
Results
The results demonstrated a distinct negative exponential relationship between EME complexity and operational effectiveness. Performance declined progressively with intensified EME, but notably, UAVs equipped with advanced anti-jamming systems maintained higher effectiveness under identical conditions.
Conclusions
This study confirms the critical importance of anti-jamming technologies in preserving UAV combat capability in complex EME, the evaluation framework offers practical insights for developing robust UAV systems suited to contested electromagnetic spectra.
- UAV operational effectiveness /
- complex electromagnetic environments /
- effectiveness evaluation modeling /
- environment-effectiveness mapping /
- anti-jamming capability verification

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图 1 复杂电磁环境下无人机的效能评估指标体系

Figure 1. Index system for evaluation the effectiveness of UAVs in CEME

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图 2 电磁环境复杂度特征与无人机效能指标的耦合关系

Figure 2. Coupling relationships of Electromagnetic complexity features and UAV effectiveness metrics

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图 3 初始电磁环境复杂度下无人机作战效能的区域分布

Figure 3. Spatial distribution of UAV combat effectiveness under baseline electromagnetic complexity

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图 4 改变电磁环境复杂度后无人机作战效能的区域分布

Figure 4. Spatial distribution of UAV combat effectiveness under varied electromagnetic complexity

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图 5 改变最大可承受信号数量后无人机作战效能的区域分布

Figure 5. Spatial Distribution of UAV combat effectiveness under varied maximum tolerable signal count

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表 1 复杂电磁环境内辐射源的初始参数

Table 1. The initial parameters of the radiation sources in CEME

No.	working duration/h	frequency/MHz	power/dBW	location/km	bandwidth/MHz
1	[20,22]	187	11	（56,−30）	20
2	[5,17]	76	7	（−50,−38）	20
3	[5,18]	195	5	（−26,−82）	30
4	[6,22]	72	3	（−2,−90）	30
5	[6,21]	73	11	（−50,42）	20
6	[14,21]	178	5	（2,98）	20
7	[13,22]	116	7	（94,22）	30
8	[4,22]	181	9	（−58,10）	20
9	[19,23]	200	5	（−54,−70）	30
10	[16,19]	167	10	（−14,78）	30

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表 2 无人机在复杂电磁环境下的作战能力分级标准

Table 2. Classification criteria for UAV combat capability in CEME

classification of UAV operational zones	combat capability value of UAVs	color
advantageous zone	$ {{\mathrm{C}}\geqslant0.75 \text{β}} $	dark green
controllable zone	0$ {.65\text{β} \leqslant {\mathrm{C}} < 0.75\text{β}} $	light green
risky zone	0$ {.55\text{β} \leqslant {\mathrm{C}} < 0.65\text{β}} $	yellow
dangerous zone	$ {{\mathrm{C}} < 0.55\text{β}} $	red

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表 3 复杂电磁环境内辐射源变化参数

Table 3. Variable parameters of the radiation sources in CEME

No.	working duration/h	frequency/ MHz	power/ dBW	location/ km
1	[18,24]	167	13	（30,−30）
2	[3,19]	96	9	（−30,−20）
3	[3,20]	215	7	（−24,−42）
4	[4,24]	52	5	（−2,−70）
5	[4,23]	93	13	（−30,24）
6	[12,23]	158	7	（0,48）
7	[11,24]	136	9	（46,22）
8	[2,24]	161	11	（−20,10）
9	[15,23]	220	7	（−24,−30）
10	[14,21]	127	12	（−14,60）

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表 4 改变电磁环境复杂度后无人机作战效能区域占比

Table 4. Proportions distribution of UAV operational zones under varied electromagnetic complexity

parameters of the radiation sources	classification of UAV operational zones/%
parameters of the radiation sources	advantageous zone	controllable zone	risky zone	dangerous zone
time	17.03	63.67	18.72	0.58
frequency	32.53	50.40	16.72	0.35
power	9.19	48.44	40.48	1.88
location	18.99	52.90	20.11	8.00

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表 5 改变最大可承受信号数量后无人机作战效能区域占比

Table 5. Proportion distribution of UAV operational zones after adjusting maximum tolerable signal count

maximum tolerable signal count for UAVs	classification of UAV operational zones/%
maximum tolerable signal count for UAVs	advantageous zone	advantageous zone	advantageous zone	advantageous zone
3个	17.03	41.68	23.95	17.34
4个	17.03	63.67	18.19	1.11
6个	42.48	49.25	8.04	0.23
7个	42.48	53.59	3.92	0

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